DISTRIBUTION OF ABO AND RH (D) BLOOD GROUPS AND ASSOCIATED TRAITS: A STUDY OF THE COLLEGE OF NURSING AND MIDWIFERY, OBANGEDE, KOGI STATE
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Date
2016-10-26
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Ahmadu Bello University Zaria
Abstract
In the last five decades, genetic structure of populations are being studied in via ABO
blood groups system, mtDNA and Y chromosome makers to understand history of human
migration and relatedness of ethnic groups settled in close proximity. In the present study,
the distribution of ABO and Rh blood groups and associated traits among various ethnic
groups in Kogi State was analysed to determine the genetic composition of various ethnic
groups. The study was carried out using students of Kogi State College of Nursing and
Midwifery, Obangede. Participants for the study included 1,863 students of the college
(1,427 females and 436 males) aged 16-40 years. The study is both retrospective and
prospective. Records of admitted students into the college spanning 11 years (2002–2013)
consecutively were retrospectively and prospectively collected from the various record
units of the College. ABO, Rh blood group and Hb-electrophoresis tests were carried out
on a white porcelain tile using blood grouping antisera and Hb-electrophoresis machine.
From the 1,863 records reviewed for the ABO blood group, the phenotypic frequencies
were highest for ABO*O (965, 51.80%) followed by ABO*B (404, 21.70%). The
frequencies for ABO*A was observed as (379, 20.30%), whereas the frequency of
ABO*AB group was observed to be lowest (115, 9.00%). It was observed that ABO*O >
ABO*B > ABO*A > ABO*AB for each sex. The same pattern was observed for all the
ethnic groups with a slight deviation in Bassa and Nupe where group A>B. The
distribution of Rh antigen shows that Rh D positive was the highest with 1,755 (94.20%)
while Rh D Negative was the lowest with 108 (5.8%). The genotypic frequency for
haemoglobin was discovered to be highest for AA 1,095(58.50%) followed by AS 768
(41.00%) SS was observed to be comparatively very low 9(0.50%). The present study
reveals association of ABO with malaria, hepatitis and level of academic performance of
the subjects