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Item COMPARATIVE EFFECTIVENESS OF LECTURERS` USE OF COMPUTER AND TYPEWRITER FOR TEACHING WORD PROCESSING IN BUSINESS EDUCATION AT FEDERAL COLLEGE OF EDUCATION, KANO-NIGERIA(Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, 2018-01-26) GLORIA CHILE AGOHA; GLORIA CHILE AGOHATheComparative Effectiveness of Using Computer and Typewriter for Teachingword processing in business education or instruction generally, has often been a serious area of discourse among business educators, teachers and students. One of such areas of concerns has to do with the level of effectiveness in the various applications or skills of the computer by business education students. The problem is that at Federal College of Education Kano, the conventional method of teaching and learning is still in use for word processing in business education. This traditional method can no longer provide the students with the knowledge and skills needed to succeed in the contemporary world of works.Item ANTI-CANCER STUDIES OF VITEX DONIANA AND FERETIA APODANTHERA EXTRACTS ON MCF-7 CELL LINE AND RATS INDUCED WITH BREAST CARCINOGENESIS(Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, 2019-12-26) GILEAD EBIEGBERI FORCADOS; GILEAD EBIEGBERI FORCADOSVitex doniana and Feretia apodanthera are two plants used traditionally for the treatment of inflammatory related disorders and cancer. This work investigated thein vitro antioxidant and in vitro cytotoxic effects of the extracts and fractions of V. doniana leaves and F. apodanthera root bark using diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 3-(4,5- dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), hematoxylin and eosin staining, xCELLigence and fluorescence activated cell sorting assays. Subsequently,V. doniana whole extract was used for an in vivo study in female Wistar rats aged 52 ± 2 days administered a single dose of 80 mg/kg DMBA (dimethyl benz[a]anthracene) by oral gavage and monitored for 150 days. Rats with relatively high levels of serum estrogen receptor-α were randomly assigned to treatment groups administered 0, 50, 100, 200 mg/kg V. doniana and 20 mg/kg Tamoxifen for 14 days. The in vivo experiment was then terminated and serum estrogen receptor-α (ER-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumour necrosis factor -α (TNF –α) levels were determined using ELISA kits, some oxidative stress markers in mammary tissue homogenates were determined and expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), caspase 3 and p53 in mammary tissue was done using immunohistochemistry. LCMS analysiswas done on the V. doniana extract to determine possible compounds present. The highest free radical scavenging potency from DPPH assay was observed in V. doniana Fraction 2 which had an IC50 of 98.12 ± 4.94 μg/ml. MTT results showed an IC50 of 26.11 ± 3.4 μg/mL and 66.5 ± 5.2 μg/mL values for V. doniana and F. apodanthera respectively, after treatment for 48 hours. MCF-7 cells treated with V. doniana extract showed cell shrinkage, nuclear condensation, increased nuclear- cytoplasmic ratio and arrest at the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle. In vivo, significantly.Item ANALYSIS OF SAVINGS MOBILIZATION AND ITS EFFECT ON POVERTY ALLEVIATION AMONG HOUSEHOLDS IN KWALI AND BWARI AREA COUNCILS, ABUJA NIGERIA(Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, 2021-03-11) Juliana Ojochide OLOR; Juliana Ojochide OLORSavings is increasingly being acknowledged as a power tool for poverty alleviation but the peri- -urban households who are mostly, low cadre workers, peasant farmers and small-scale business owners lacks savings services. This study analyzed savings mobilization and poverty alleviation among peri-urban households in Kwali and Bwari Area Councils Abuja. The study used cross-sectional primary data collected using a well- structured questionnaire administered to185 respondents. Descriptive statistics, poverty gap index, ordered logit regression, and double hurdle model were used in analyzing data collected. Result showed that the average age of respondents was 31 years, majority of the respondents were males, 35% had secondary education, and average household size was 4 persons. Results also showed that 36% of respondents were traders, average year of experience was 11 years, and 39% adopted cooperative society as strategy for saving. Double hurdle model results showed that at the first hurdle using the probit regression model was estimated, age, household size, secondary activities and income significantly determined households’ decision to save, while at the second hurdle where truncated regression model was estimated, age of household head, years of experience, secondary activities, membership of association, access to credit, farm size, poverty status, and income significantly determine the households’ intensity of savings. Results of the poverty gap index showed that majority (50.8%) of respondents were non-poor, and that the poverty incidence, depth and severity were 0.49, 0.28 and 0.56 respectively. Results further showed that amount saved, age, level of education, primary occupation, secondary activities, access to credit, and farm size had significant effects on households’ poverty status. In decreasing magnitude of importance, the study identified fear of safety of income as the major constraints to saving in the study area. Others are family and societal demand,Item ENHANCING SPACE MULTI-FUNCTIONALITY THROUGH FLEXIBILITY STRATEGIES IN THE DESIGN OF FACULTY OF MEDICINE, YOBE STATE UNIVERSITY(Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, 2018-09-26) WAKIL MIDALA; WAKIL MIDALAThis study investigated ways of enhancing space multi-functionality through flexibility strategies in the design of Faculty of Medicine. This is because current changes in medical schools due to contemporary technology and curriculum has brought about spatial needs that stand in contrast to the priorities of the earlier system, posing more demands for designing logically reconfigurable spaces. Three case study areas were purposively sampled to carry-out the study. Data were obtained through a visual survey checklist on flexibility attributes of the case study areas as well as an interview for staff/students and stakeholders to identify unique challenges both in the building structural system as well as trends and etiquettes of medical practice; the validity of the results was further tested through space-syntax analysis, using the depth map software. Findings revealed that the global shift in the educational system of schools from teacher-centred to student-centred approach to learning, leading to the shift from a general purpose to problem-based learning approach in medical schools, has affected the character of spaces in medical schools. These new approaches came with the need to reconcile multi-disciplinary basic science learning processes and changes in technology that stand in contrast to the earlier priorities of the educational system. While these factors have architecturally helped to reduce the amount of exclusive single-purpose spaces they place more demands for interactive spaces and logically designing reconfigurable space and fixtures over short and long-term uses. These needs were not adequately reflected in the cases under study as evidence continue to be more pronounced whenever attempts are made for periodic changes and expansion within their spaces due to changes in medical technological advancement and contemporary space needsItem DEVELOPMENT OF FUNCTIONAL MATERNITY APPARELS FROM COMMERCIAL BLOCKS PATTERNS, FASTENERS AND DISPOSAL OF FULLNESS IN FEDERAL CAPITAL TERRITORYABUJA, NIGERIA(Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, 2019-12-26) Aminat Bint AHMAD; Aminat Bint AHMADThe study focused on the use of Fasteners and Disposal of Fullness in the Development of Functional Maternity Apparels from Commercial Block Patterns, in Federal Capital Territory Abuja, Nigeria. The major objective was to develop maternity apparels from commercial block patterns, fasteners and disposal of fullness in FCT Abuja. Eight objectives, eight research questions and four research hypotheses were formulated to guide the study. The research design used for the study was Research and development (R&D) designItem INFLUENCE OF SOCIAL MEDIA USAGE ON CULTURAL INTEGRATION AND ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF SOCIAL STUDIES STUDENTS IN COLLEGES OF EDUCATION IN NIGERIA(Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, 2016-11-26) Gaya Zulyadaini SANI; Gaya Zulyadaini SANIThis study investigated the influence of Social Media usage on cultural integration and academic performance of Social Studies Students in Colleges of Education in Nigeria. The main aim was to find out the extents to which Social Media usage influence cultural integration and academic performance of Social Studies Students in Colleges of Education in Nigeria. Nine (9) research questions were set and answered for the study, and eight (8) null hypotheses of no significant differences were tested at P is > or < 0.05 level of significance.Item SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERISATION OF REACTIVE DYES FROM QUINAZOLINONE DERIVATIVES AND THEIR COLOUR ASSESSMENT ON COTTON FABRIC(Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, 2021-10-26) OSERUEME TIMOTHY ILEVBAOJE; OSERUEME TIMOTHY ILEVBAOJEA series of monoazo reactive dyes with quinazolinone moiety were synthesised starting with the synthesis of 6,7-dimethoxy-2-phenyl-4H-benzo[d][1,3]oxazin-4-one from 2-amino-4,5- dimethoxybenzoic acid and fusing with different di-amino compounds to give dye intermediates A, B and C; 3-(4-aminophenyl)-6,7-dimethoxy-2-phenylquinazolin-4(3H)-one (A), 4-amino-4'- (6,7-dimethoxy-4-oxo-2-phenylquinazolin-3(4H)-yl)-[1,1'-biphenyl]-2,2'-disulfonic acid (B), and 3-(4-((4-aminophenyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)-6,7-dimethoxy-2-phenylquinazolin-4(3H)-one (C) which were diazotised at 0-5°C, followed by azo coupling with cyanurated H-acid, gamma acid and J- acid as coupling components. All the reactive dyes and intermediates were characterised by their percentage yield, UV-Visible spectroscopy, FT-IR spectroscopy, and GC-MS techniques. The UV-visible spectrophotometric investigation of the synthesised dyes was carried out in DMF, methanol and water with different dielectric constants to obtain the absorption maxima, molar extinction coefficients and solvatochromic effects of the dyes. The synthesised reactive dyes were applied on cotton fabric 2% shade with a liquor ratio of 50:1 and the percentage exhaustion and fixation of the dyes were found to be reasonably good and acceptable in the range 82 – 91% and 66 – 78%, respectively. The dyeings of all the dyes on cotton fabric gave moderate to good light fastness (3-4), good to very good wash fastness (3-4) and fair to very good fastness to perspiration (2-4). The dyes gave colours ranging from purple, red to pink shades, with a good degree of levelness. This indicates that the dyes were covalently bonded to the fabricItem LES RELATIONS INTERETHNIQUES DANS L’ÉTONNANTE ENFANCE D’INOTAN D’ANTHONY BIAKOLO ET DANSUWAOMA ET LE BEAU MONDE D’IFEOMA ONYEMELUKWE(Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, 2021-02-26) CHIAGWAH KINGSLEY; CHIAGWAH KINGSLEYvii Nigerian Literature of French Expression is an aspect of literature that is growing widespread and requires more emphasis. This is the primary reason my attention was caughton accentuating not just on African Literature but Nigerian Literature of French Expression because of the little that has been written on it. Despite this challenge and given the importance, I decided to write on this topic. This thesis titled; « les relations interethniques dans l’étonnante enfance d’inotan d‟anthony biakolo et dans uwaoma etle beau monde d‟ifeoma onyemelukwe » This study examines the inter-ethnic relationship amongst Nigerian people that has been existing before the coming of the colonialist, the tribal and ethnic differences which exist in Nigeria even after their departure up to present timesItem AN EXAMINATION OF CORPORATE INCOME TAX LEGISLATION AND ITS IMPACT ON REVENUE GENERATION IN NIGERIA(Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, 2021-11-20) Emmanuel Uzoma NWOKENEKWU; Emmanuel Uzoma NWOKENEKWUThis thesis titled “An Examination of Corporate Income Tax Legislation and its Impact on Revenue Generation in Nigeria” aim at utilizing the Companies Income Tax Act to enhance revenue generation in Nigeria, which is used to fund development in the economy. Company income tax is a major source of revenue to all governments in the world, Nigeria inclusive. It is levied by government against companies operating in Nigeria, which is used to raise revenue for sustainable economic development and administration of governmental policies. Companies income tax (CIT) is a tax on the profits of registered companies carrying on business in Nigeria. It is regulated by Companies Income Tax Act (CITA) Cap.C21 Laws of Federation of Nigeria, 2004.The study adopted essentially doctrinal method of research which involved the collection of materials or facts from, Constitution of Federal Republic of Nigeria 1999 (as amended), Tax Statutes, case laws, which the geographical application is limited to Nigeria only, various text books, articles contained in law journalsand internet materials that are relevant to the subject matter of the research were used. However, empirical method of research was also adopted in some aspects, which consist of questionnaire and interviews through which facts and data were collected, analyzed and interpreted. Accordingly the research specificallyachieved the following objectives; effective and efficient management and collection of taxes through Company Income Tax Act, it also determined the extent of contribution of corporate income tax to revenue generation in Nigeria and determined the tangible things/development taxpayers enjoyed as a result of payment of their taxes, and were inspired to pay more. The problem of the research were the conflict in the classification of companies in Nigeria arising from Section 394(4) CAMA 2020, Companies Income Tax Act (CITA) Cap.C21 L.F.N 2004 and Finance Act 2020, the effect of conflicting definitions of small companies under CITA and CAMA 2020, also impacts the required documents for the purposes of filing the company‟s annual income tax returns. Section 402 of CAMA 2020, exempts companies which are yet to commence business and small companies from appointing auditors and conversely in line with Section 55 CITA, all companies are required to file annual self-assessment returns. Finance Act has amended Section 55 CITA, such that instead of audited accounts, FIRS may specify an alternative form of accounts, to be included in the tax returns. Other problems of the research include the tax evasion and avoidance which have hindered increase in revenue generation of the federal government, inadequate tax personnel to cover all areas of operations of FIRS to enhance revenue generation, mismanagement of tax payments collected by officials of FIRS, and unreliable and inadequate data problem that have hindered FIRS from improving her functions.The findings of the research based on the doctrinal and empirical methods of research used were, monetary penalties/fines contained in the Companies Income Tax Act are insignificant and inadequate to deter the offences for which they are prescribed for; high rate of 30% tax for large companies discouraged the investors from investing in Nigeria and also discouraged the local industries in Nigeria from paying their correct taxes; conflicts in the classification of companies in Nigeria between CAMA 2020 and CITA for tax purposes have created ambiguities, for instance a company with a turnover of N110million qualifies as a large company under CITA for tax purpose, the same company do not qualify as a small company under CAMA. and lack of skilled manpower and modern technology in the operations of FIRS adversely affected her revenue generation. The research recommended that adequate monetary penalties/fine should be provided to deter offences, for instance the fine of N600.00 provided for unauthorized collection of taxes contained in Section 95(b) of CITA should be increased to N50,000.00; reduction of 30% tax rate for large companies to 25% will encourage investors to invest in Nigeria; harmonization of the conflict between CAMA 2020 and CITA over classification of companies,is necessary to ensure uniformity and confidence of taxpayers and stakeholders and eliminate resultant conflicts. Finally, the research concluded that corporate income tax legislation has significantly impacted on the revenue generation in Nigeria.Item DEVELOPMENT OF A MODIFIED HANDOVER DECISION ALGORITHM IN LONG TERM EVOLUTION ADVANCED NETWORK USING MOBILITY VECTOR PREDICTION TECHNIQUE(Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, 2021-09-27) Abbas Sani SADA; Abbas Sani SADAHeterogeneous deployment of access points is considered as a promising technique for improved network performance in 4G Long Term Evolution Advanced (LTE-A) networks. While the heterogeneity of the network results in reduced cell sizes thereby improving network coverage, inter-cell handover process becomes more complex and frequent.Item IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF USAID-MARKETS II ON PRODUCTIVITY AND POVERTY STATUS OF RICE FARMING HOUSEHOLDS IN EBONYI STATE NIGERIA(Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, 2021-02-26) Ogechi Cordelia NWAHIA; Ogechi Cordelia NWAHIAPoverty and low productivity of most staple food crops have continued to be a great challenge in Nigeria. Over the years, Nigerian government has come up with various plans and programmes aimed at reducing the level of poverty and increasing agricultural productivity. There is an increasing concerns by the government, international and local aid donors for concrete evidence to be supplied on the impact of such public programmes that aims at increasing productivity and reducing poverty. Therefore, this study assessed the impact of United States Agency for International Development (USAID) -Maximizing Agricultural Revenue and Key Enterprises in Targeted Sites (MARKETS) II project on the productivity and poverty status of rice faming households in Ebonyi State, Nigeria with a view to showcase the contribution of USAID- MARKETS II project to poverty reduction and rice productivity. Multi-stage sampling technique was employed to select 239 participants and 252 non-participants of the project for the study. Structured questionnaire and field observation were used in collecting data for 2018 cropping season. Data collected were analysed using descriptive (frequency, mean and standard deviation) and inferential (Net Farm Income (NFI), Return Per Naira Invested (RNI), Logit model, Total Factor Productivity (TFP), Foster, Greer and Thorbeecke) statistics. The USAID-MARKETS II project employed several empowerment strategies towards improving the well-being and productivity of farming households in the project sites. These include, supply of improved rice seeds, fertilisers, training and extension support. The results that emanated from the study showed that age, household size, extension visit, years in cooperative society, education and years of rice farming experience were the significant factors that influenced participation in USAID- MARKETS II in Ebonyi State. Results further showed that rice production is profitable in the study area and there was no significant difference between the mean technical, allocativeItem EFFECT OF HANDS-ON LEARNING STRATEGY ON PERFORMANCE IN THINKING INVOLVED ON ECOLOGY IN SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL ZARIA EDUCATION ZONE, NIGERIA.(Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, 2020-02-26) Abdulsalam IBRAHIM; Abdulsalam IBRAHIMThis study investigated the Effects of Hands-on Learning Strategy on Performance and Critical Thinking in Ecology among Senior Secondary School Students in Zaria Education Zone, Nigeria. Quasi-experimental pretest and posttest design was used for the study. The population of the study comprised 4138 biology students of SS II in sixteen public secondary schools in Zaria Education Zone. Simple balloting was used to select four schools that were pilot tested. Two schools whose students do not differ significantly were later selected. The sample comprised 263 out of which 198 were males and 65 were females. The experimental group was exposed to Hands-on learning strategy while the control group was taught using conventional (Lecture) method. Two instruments; Ecology Concept Performance Test (ECPT) with reliability coefficient of r = 0.72 and Ecology Concept Critical Thinking Questionnaire (ECCTQ) which yielded r = 0.85, were used to collect data for the study. Four research questions with their corresponding null hypotheses were raised and tested at p≤0.05 level of significance. The data collected were analyzed using T-test and Mann Whitney. Major findings from the study were: Biology students taught using Hands-on learning strategy performed significantly better in performance test than those taught using lecture method. Hands-on learning strategy (HLS) was gender friendly to academic performance and critical thinking. Based on the findings, it was recommended that Hands-on learning strategy be used by biology teachers in the teaching and learning of biology to improve students’ academic performance and should also be incorporated together with other methods of teaching for better result.Item THE CHALLENGE OF MANAGING INTERNALLY DISPLACED PERSONS (IDPs) ON LOCAL GOVERNMENT ADMINISTRATION: A STUDY OF MAIDUGURI METROPOLITAN AND BAMA LOCAL GOVERNMENT COUNCILS, BORNO STATE(Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, 2020-02-26) AHIRU, Shettima; AHIRU, ShettimaManagement of Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) has been an issue of concern to all levels of government and agencies in Nigeria in recent years as a result of the Boko Haram insurgency and other conflicts. So much human and financial resources have been committed to effectively manage the IDPs, but in spite of the efforts to ensure the effective management of these people, there are still manifestation of problems that include poor shelter, poor food supply, poor health facilities, security breaches and host of others. This study therefore assessed the challenges of managing Internally Displaced Persons on Maiduguri Metropolitan Council (MMC) and Bama Local Government. Based on this, data were collected through both primary and secondary sources. The primary source included questionnaire, interview and observation that provided the research with firsthand information, while the secondary sources included existing government documents on food and other items supplied to IDPs, financial and material support given to IDPs by the international organizations and donors and official gazettes from World Bank, which provided the research with second hand information. Data were presented using percentages and tables and further analyzed using chi-square non-parametric inferential tool. Based on the data collected and analyzed, the four hypotheses were all rejected as the P. values were less than the level of significance of 0.05. In line with this, the study revealed among others that shortage and non-qualification of human resources significantly affects the management of IDPs, the financial capacity of the two local governments significantly affected the management of the two IDP camps in the two local governments. Based on the findings, the study recommended among others that the two local governments should employ and train competent staff/human resources to effectively manage IDPs.Item CONTROLLED RELEASE FORMULATIONS OF ANTIRETROVIRAL (ARV) DRUGS USING POLYMETHACRYLATE POLYMERS(Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, 2010-09-27) MAHMUD SANI-GWARZO; MAHMUD SANI-GWARZOTo improve patient compliance and ensure better success in the management of HIV, spansule technology was employed to formulate controlled release dosage drug. Generic forms of seven of the most commonly used Anti-retro viral (ARV) drugs (didanosine, indinavir, lamivudine, nelfinavir, nevirapine, stavudine and zidovudine) and their clinically approved combinations were used in this study. Calculated daily dose was divided into one loading and four maintainace doses. Granules of the drugs, prepared using wet granulation method, were divided into five batches and spray coated with various grades of polymethacrylate polymers (Eudragit brand). Using different combinations/ratios, each ARV drug and their combinations were filled into capsules of sizes 00 to 000. Parameters such as solubility, disintegration, coating thickness and dissolution were determined. In- vitro testing for drug release was conducted to mimic various pH conditions of the G.I.T using disodium hydrogen orthophosphate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate buffers. Spectrophotometric method was used to determine drug release. To serve as control, conventional forms of the seven ARVs obtained from a major manufacturer were tested for drug releaseItem GASTROPROTECTIVE EFFECT OF AQUEOUS STEM BARK EXTRACT OF ANOGEISSUS LEIOCARPUS AGAINST ETHANOL-INDUCED GASTRIC ULCER IN RATS(Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, 2021-03-26) HAFSAT RUFA’I BSc. (BUK) 2013; HAFSAT RUFA’I BSc. (BUK) 2013The Gastroprotective effect of aqueous stem bark extract of Anogeissus leiocarpus against ethanol induced gastric ulcer in albino rats was investigated. Eighty-six albino rats (weighing 160-250g) of both sexes were used in this study. Phytochemical studies revealed the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, anthraquinones, tannins, cardiac glycosides, steroids and triterpenes. The median lethal dose (LD50) of the aqueous stem bark of A. leiocarpus was found to be above 5000mg/kg body weight orally. Pre-treatment by oral administration of aqueous stem bark extract of A. leiocarpus at doses of 100, 200 and 400mg/kg b.w for 14 days, dose dependently and significantly decreased the mean ulcer score, ulcer index, percentage ulceration and preventive index (p˂0.05) induced by 70% ethanol. The standard drug (cimetidine 100mg/kg) also decreased the ulcer scores. The severity of the reaction to ethanol on gastric mucosa and cytoprotection by aqueous A. leiocarpus were apparent by histological assessment of the gastric mucosa. The ulcer control showed intense ulcerated gastric mucosal epithelial cells, necrotic tissue and heavy infiltration. The section of gastric mucosa from rat pre-treated with stem bark aqueous extract of Anogeissus leiocarpus at 100 and 200mg/kg b. w. showed slightly eroded mucosal epithelial cells, less infilteration and haemorrhage. In the 400mg/kg b.w. stem bark aqueous extract of Anogeissus leiocarpus pre-treated rat, there is no observable haemorrhagic necrosis of gastric mucosa and showed protection against the histopathological changes observed in ulcer (ethanol) treated group with an intact gastric pits, maintenance of mucosa even after exposure of ethanol. Cimetidine (100mg/kg b.w.) pre-treated group demonstrates slight ulceration, less hemorrhagic necrosis and infiltration in the gastric mucosa of rat. The oxidative analysis shows significant decrease in Malondialdehyde (MDA) at 100mg/kg, 200mg and 400mg/kg b.w as well as the (100mg/kg b.w) cimetidine group (p˂0.05) when compared with the ulcer control activity. Antioxidant capacity of animals treated with 100mg/kg, 200mg/kg and 400mg/kg b.w showed a significant increase in catalase activity as well as 100mg/kg cimetidine group (p˂0.05) when compared with the ulcer control group. There was a significant increase (p˂0.05) in Superoxide dismutase (SOD), at 400mg/kg b.w and 100mg/kg cimetidine groups when compared with the ulcer control group. In Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx), there was a significant increase at 200 and 400mg/kg b.w group (p<0.05) but there was no significant increase in 100mg/kg groups as well as (100mg/kg) cimetidine group (p 0.05) when compared with the ulcer control group. The aqueous extract of A. leiocarpus was partially purified by column chromatography. Eluents with similar Rf values were pooled together into five fractions using thin layer chromatography (TLC). The qualitative (spectrophotometrically using DPPH) and quantitative antioxidant activity of the five pooled fractions were determined to using 1, 1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) spray to identify the fraction with highest activity on a TLC plate, an active spot turned from violet to yellow. Fraction A had higher DPPH percentage inhibition of (97.95%) and the lowest IC50 (20.88). Fourteen phytocomponents with known and unknown biological activities in the most active fraction A were characterized using Gas chromatography-Mass spectrometry (GCMS) and Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR). In conclusion these findings suggest that aqueous stem bark extract of A. leiocarpus possesses antioxidant properties and dose-dependent gastroprotection, these justify the ethno medicinal use of the plant in the treatment and management of gastric ulcer.Item ASSESSMENT OF DA’WAH ACTIVITIES ON MAGUZAWA PEOPLE WHO ACCEPTED ISLAM IN ZAZZAU EMIRATE, KADUNA, NIGERIA(Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, 2016-12-26) ABDULLAHI Dalhatu; ABDULLAHI DalhatuThis study is to assess the activities of the Du‟at in Zazzau Emirate among the Maguzawa who accepted Islam. It was limited to only five local government areas in the emirate. The research presents the history of the emirate, tribe, religion and its locations in Kaduna state as well as it boundaries with other neighboring states. The research was able to view the meaning of Maguzawa, their culture and their locations in Zazzau Emirate. The concept of Da‟wah was discussed in relation to non-Muslim, among others. Thus, Survey research design was used where three questionnaires were applied. The questionnaire covers the new converts among the Maguzawa, the teachers of Islamic education among the Maguzawa and then the Da‟wah organizations/committees among the Maguzawa. Simple percentage was used in analyzing the data collected. The major findings of the research revealed that there is a significant number of Maguzawa that were converted to Islam from their paganism just as there is significant number of Maguzawa who were Christians and later converted to Islam. There are Da‟wah committees/organizations conducting various Da‟wah activities such as establishing Islamiyyah Schools and Mosques in which they conduct preaching and teachings of Islam. On the other hand, the new converts from the Maguzawa are in peaceful coexistence with the non-Muslims among them. In view of this, the research recommends that the Da‟wah organizations need to coordinate their activities to avoid duplication and possible misunderstanding among them and there is need to use the Zakat proceeds and other forms of charity such as waqf from the Emirate to boost the activities of Da‟wah and learning of Islam among the Maguzawa.Item BAYESIAN ESTIMATIION OF SHAPE PARAMETER OF GENERALIZED INVERSE EXPONENTIAL DISTRIBUTION UNDER THE NON-INFORMATIVE PRIORS(Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, 2018-05-26) RASHIDAT ADARA YUSUF; RASHIDAT ADARA YUSUFIn this research, the shape parameter of the Generalized Inverse Exponential Distribution (GIED) was estimated using maximum likelihood and Bayesian estimation techniques. The Bayes estimates were obtained under the squared error loss function and precautionary loss function under the assumption of two non-informative priors. An extensive Monte Carlo simulation study was carried out to compare the performances of the Bayes estimates with that of the maximum likelihood estimates at different sample sizes. It was found out that the maximum likelihood have the same estimate with the Jeffrey’s prior using the squared error loss function, and also performed better than the Bayes estimates under the Jeffrey’s prior using the precautionary loss function and uniform prior using both loss function but performed lesser than the Extended Jeffrey’s prior under both loss functions. The Extended Jeffrey’s prior was observed to have estimated the shape parameter of the GIED better when compared with the maximum likelihood estimator and other Bayes estimate at all sample sizes using their mean squared error. Also the squared error loss function under the Extended Jeffrey’s prior has the best estimate when compared with other Bayes estimates using their posterior risk. Hence the Bayes estimate under the Extended Jeffrey’s using the squared error loss function has the best estimator for estimating the shape parameter of the GIED.Item KINETICS AND MECHANISMS OF THE REDOX REACTIONS OF CRYSTAL VIOLET WITH SOME OXY-ANIONS AND HYDRAZINE DIHYDROCHLORIDE IN AQUEOUS MEDIUM(Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, 2016-12-14) MARGARET KEMI OMOTOSHO; MARGARET KEMI OMOTOSHOThe kinetics of the redox reactions of crystal violet (CV+) with some oxy-anions (S2O82-, S2O42-, MnO4-) and hydrazine dihydrochloride (N2H4.2HCl) have been studied spectrophotometrically in aqueous hydrochloric acid medium for CV+–S2O82- and CV+– S2O42- systems and aqueous tetraoxosulphate(VI) acid medium for CV+– MnO4- system, while CV+– N2H4.2HCl was not studied in acidic medium. The reactions were carried out at [H+] =1.0 × 10-3mol dm-3 (HCl) and I = 0.50 mol dm-3 (NaCl), for S2O82- and S2O42-, [H+] = 5 × 10-2mol dm-3 (H2SO4) and I = 0.50mol dm-3 (Na2SO4) for MnO4-,T = 36 ± 1ºC for S2O82-, T = 30 ± 1oC for S2O42-, T= 29 ± 1ºC for MnO4-, T = 29±2ºC for N2H4.2HCl, I = 0.50 moldm-3 (NaCl) for N2H4.2HCl and λmax = 585nm The stoichiometric studies showed that one mole of CV+ consumed one mole of peroxydisulphate ion, dithionite ion, permanganate ion and hydrazine dihydrochlorideto yield the products. The reactions were found to be first order with respect to the concentrations of crystal violet, oxy-anions and hydrazine dihydrochloride. Hydrogen ion concentration had no effect on the CV+– S2O82- system, while increase in hydrogen ion concentration of the reaction medium decreased the rate of the reaction for CV+– S2O42- system and increased the rate of the reaction for CV+– MnO4- system. First orders were obtained with respect to [H+] for both CV+– S2O42- and CV+ – MnO4- systems having the rate:Item i AMNESTY, CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AND FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF LISTED DOWNSTREAM OIL COMPANIES IN NIGERIA(Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, 2016-01-07) Sybil Chikaodili, UWAKWE (MSC/ADMIN/2922/2011-2012); Sybil Chikaodili, UWAKWE (MSC/ADMIN/2922/2011-2012)In 2009, the federal government of Nigeria launched its amnesty programme for Niger Delta region of the country to address the concerns of the communities that host the oil and gas companies operating in the country. One of the matters arising since the launching is whether the programme has helped in the restoration of peace and security in the region to enable the companies operate optimally, realise their full potentials and increase their productivity and consequently their financial performance. Another question relates to the extent to which the programme motivates the companies to make more effort to satisfy the communities through increased corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities. This study examined the effect of amnesty and CSR on the financial performance of listed downstream oil companies in Nigeria. The study formulated three hypotheses with the third hypothesis focusing on the moderating effect of firm size on the extent to which amnesty and CSR affect the financial performance of the companies over the period of 10 years from 2004 to 2013. The robust regression result based on the annual data collected from five (5) companies revealed that both amnesty and CSR have significant effect on the financial performance of the companies. The result also revealed a high level of interacting effect of size on amnesty and CSR. Based on the findings, the study recommended among other things that the federal government should continue with the implementation of the amnesty programme and initiate even other similar interventions as means of maintaining or restoring peace within the Niger Delta and other regions of the country where such interventions are needed. The study also recommended that the management of oil companies should continue to execute more CSR programmes in order to guarantee safety and security of personnel and equipment that are used to generate higher profits.Item STUDIES ON FERMENTATION OF SOME LEGUMINOUS SEEDS USING MIXED SPECIES OF BACILLUS AS STARTER CULTURES(Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, 2012-03-26) GBERIKON, GRACE MWUESE B.Sc(A.B.U, 1999), M.Sc (A.B.U, 2007); GBERIKON, GRACE MWUESE B.Sc(A.B.U, 1999), M.Sc (A.B.U, 2007)Seeds of three African legumes, namely P. africana purchased from Otukpo in Benue state of Nigeria, P. biglobosa and G. max from Sabon gari Zaria, Kaduna state. Batches of the processed seeds (300g) were subsequently fermented using 5% mixed standard strains of Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus pumilis (consortium A) and 5% mixed test strains of Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus pumilis (consortium B) as starters or consortia. P. biglobosa and G.max, inoculated with consortia fermented within 48h and P.africana seeds inoculated with consortia fermented within 84h. From this analysis, it was observed that seeds with consortia fermented faster (48h and 84h) for P.biglobosa, G.max and P.africana respectively, than natural fermentation (72h and 96h). Analysis of variance showed that moisture content, ash, crude lipid, protein and soluble carbohydrates were significantly higher (p<0.001) in starter assisted fermentation than in natural fermentation. Mineral elements such as Fe, K, Ca, Na were significantly higher (p<0.001) in starter assisted fermentation than natural fermentation. These were compared with condiments obtained from the market and appreciable values for nutrients and mineral element compositions were also obtained.