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    EFFECT OF ORAL ADMINISTRATION OF AQUEOUS STEM BARK EXTRACT OF KHAYA SENEGALENSIS ON HEPATOTOXICITY AND HYPERLIPIDEMIA IN RATS
    (Bayero University Kano, 2015-02-02) MUHAMMAD IBRAHIM USMAN; MUHAMMAD IBRAHIM USMAN
    The aim of this study is to investigate scientifically the basis for the use of aqueous stem bark extract of K. senegalensis (ASBEKS) for the prevention of liver damage due to CCl4 hepatotoxicity and for the treatment of hyperlipidemia in hypercholesterolemic rats. A total of seventy two rats were used in the study of which thirty six were used for testing the hepatoprotective ability and were grouped into six groups of six rats each. Group one served as normal control. Group two served as CCL4 induced control group, Group three was administered with only ASBEKS at a dose of 2.10g/kg body weight per day for two weeks. Group four, group five and group six were administered with the extract at a dose of 1.05g/kg, 2.10gkg and 3.15g/kg respectively for two weeks. At the end of first week, three rats from each group were selected, rats in groups II, IV, V and VI were induced with liver damage using 120mg/kg of CCl4. The rats were sacrificed after 48hours of CCl4 administration to assess liver function. At the end of the second week, same was done to the remaining three rats from each group. Thirty six rats grouped into six groups were used for testing the anti-hyperlipidemic effect of ASBEKS. Group II, IV, V and VI were fed with high cholesterol rich diet to induce hypercholesterolemia. Group one served as normal control. Group two served as hyperlipidemic control group, Group three was administered only with ASBEKS at a dose of 2.10g/kg body weight per day. Group four, group five and group six were hyperlipidemic and were administered with the extract at a dose of 1.05g/kg, 2.10gkg and 3.15g/kg respectively. At the end of one week, three rats from each group were sacrificed, at the end of the second week, the remaining three rats from each group were also sacrificed and serum was collected for analysis of serum lipid profile. A significant decrease (p<0.05) was observed in serum ALT, AST and ALP of GROUP IV rats treated for one week when compared with the CCl4 induced control, contrary to groups V and VI in the first week and groups III-VI in the second week. There was significant (p<0.05) decrease in serum Total Cholesterol, LDLCholesterol and Triglyceride in hypercholesterolemic rats, with a concomitant increase in HDL-cholesterol at dose of 1.05 g/kg, 2.10gkg and 3.15g/kg respectively in a dose dependent manner even after the first week. The result clearly demonstrated hepatoprotective and anti hyperlipidemic activity of Khaya senegalensis supporting the traditional claim.
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    ANTIDIABETIC STUDIES OF THE AQUEOUS EXTRACTS OF GINGER (Zingiber officinale) AND CINNAMON (Cinnamonum zeylanicum) AND THEIR COMBINATION IN EXPERIMENTAL RATS
    (Bayero University Kano, 2017-12-12) HAUWA’U SA’AD; HAUWA’U SA’AD
    This research was conducted to evaluate the hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic properties of aqueous extract of Cinnamon (Cinnamonum zeylanicum) bark; Ginger (Zingiber officinale) rhizome and a combination of the two on Alloxan induced diabetic rats. It also studied the effect of the aqueous extracts on kidney function parameters. Thirty two rats were grouped into 8 groups of four rats each. Group I was the normal control, Group II was administered 200mg/kg aqueous extract of ginger, Group III was administered 150mg/kg aqueous extract of Cinnamon. Group IV the diabetic control group, Group V was a diabetic group administered 200mg/kg aqueous extract of ginger, Group VI is the group administered 150mg/kg aqueous extract of Cinnamon, Group VII was a diabetic group administered a combination of Ginger and Cinnamon aqueous extract in the ratio 4:3 respectively, at a dose of 200mg/kg of ginger and 150mg/kg of cinnamon, Group VIII was a diabetic group treated with metformin 500mg/kg. The animals were treated with the aqueous extracts of ginger and cinnamon, and metformin for 14 days while monitoring the fasting blood glucose at 3-day intervals. The treatment was withdrawn after 14 days and blood glucose sampling continued for 7days at 3 day intervals before the sacrifice. The animals were then sacrificed after 21 days and blood collected was used for analysis of lipid profile and renal function markers. The fasting blood glucose level was found to be significantly(P<0.05) decreased in all groups treated with the aqueous extracts, with the highest hypoglycemic activity seen in group VII compared to the diabetic group. Hypolipidemic activities were also seen in groups V, VI, and VII with significant (P<0.05) decrease in these groups treated with the aqueous extracts of ginger, cinnamon and a combination of both compared to the diabetic control. The electrolytes, Urea and Creatinine levels were found to be unaffected by the treatment on all the groups, a comparison between the treated groups and untreated one showed no significant difference (P>0.05). The findings of this study suggests that Ginger rhizome, cinnamon bark and their combination may be used in the management of diabetes mellitus, although further human studies need to be carried to confirm their potential benefits in diabetes management.
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    PUNISHMENT REGIME AND BEHAVIOUR MODIFICATION AMONG DELINQUENT STUDENTS IN SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN KANO MUNICIPAL, NIGERIA
    (Bayero University Kano, 2018-03-03) Mustapha AUWALU; Mustapha AUWALU
    The high rate of student’s delinquency often receives great attention from the news media. There is alarming increase in the cases of substance abuse, sexual immorality, vandalism and truancy by students in Nigeria and Kano State in particular. In view of the above, this study was conducted to examine the use of punishment regime towards behaviour modification among delinquent students of senior secondary schools in Kano Municipal Local Government Area of Kano State, Nigeria. Survey design was used in the study, the population consists of the entire senior secondary school teachers in the Kano Municipal L.G.A. with the total of one thousand, one hundred and seven (1107) in the entire twenty two (22) senior secondary schools of the local government, out of which two hundred and ninety one (291) teachers were randomly selected as samples. An instrument named Punishment and Behaviour Modification Questionnaire was used to collect data for the study. Reliability of internal consistency was established using cronbach alpha, a positive reliability value of 0.76 was found, frequency count and percentage was used for data analysis while Chi-square was used to test the hypotheses. The study found common delinquent behavior to be substance abuse, poor home training as the major factor responsible for students delinquency, verbal assault was the common punishment regime used by teachers on delinquent students while corporal punishment is the most effective form of punishment regime to use towards behaviour modification. The study found a significant gender difference in the involvement of delinquent behaviors between male and female students of the study area and also found a significant gender difference between male and female teachers towards the use of punishment regime in handling delinquent behaviors which shows that male teachers use punishment regime most often than their female counterparts. Based on the findings of the study, the following recommendations were made; School authorities should intensify effort to curb substance abuse among delinquents students through the effective use of corporal punishment, teachers should avoid the use of verbal assault as a means of behaviour modification among delinquent students, corporal punishment should be introduce in schools where it is no longer being practiced, there is need to include the right use of corporal punishment in teachers workshops and seminars periodically and also parents should stand up to their responsibilities of training their children through close monitoring as well as ethical and moral re-orientations.
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    AN APPRAISAL OF THE INTEGRATION OF TSANGAYA EDUCATION WITH WESTERN EDUCATION SYSTEM IN JIGAWA STATE
    (Bayero University Kano, 2016-12-09) ABUBAKAR MAJE HAMISU; ABUBAKAR MAJE HAMISU
    This study traces the historical events and eventual development of Integrated and Models Tsangaya program in Jigawa State. The aim of this research is to investigate and analyze the performances and challenges of the integration of Tsangaya schools with western education. The work assesses the roles played by Federal government, Jigawa State government and non-governmental organizations, coupled with an assessement of the reliability of the integration or otherwise. The methodologies used includes interviews and content analyses of available sources of information. The finding of the study indicates that integration of Tsangaya was accepted by some teachers of Tsangaya schools due to mobilization effort by some Tsangaya stakeholders in the state. It is undeniable fact that introducing Alarammomi as teachers in Tsangaya Models Schools helped greatly in accepting the program by parents and community at large. The study also discovered that the greatest fear of teachers of Tsangaya schools is influence of Jews and Christians in the Tsangaya system, and the legacy which they protect, throughout their lives. The research recommends that government at all levels should renew its commitment in helping Tsangaya, Integrated and Models School
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    MEDICINAL AND TOXICOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF Persea americana LEAF (AVOCADO) IN ALLOXAN INDUCED-DIABETIC RATS
    (Bayero University Kano, 2019-08-09) JAMILA MASHI AHMED; JAMILA MASHI AHMED
    Diabetes is a chronic endocrine disease characterized by persistent hyperglycaemia associated with abnormalities in carbohydrate, protein and lipid metabolisms caused by failure of insulin secretion and/or increased cellular resistance to that hormone. It has become a global health burden and management of diabetes without side effects is still a challenge which leads to an increase in search for herbal anti-hyperglycaemic agents as alternative to synthetic ones due to fewer side effects, cost and affordability. This study was aimed at evaluating the medicinal potentials and toxicity of the leaf of Persea americana (avocado) in alloxan induced-diabetic rats. Preliminary phytochemical screening (colour reaction method), radical scavenging assays, total flavonoids and phenolics content determination, evaluation of markers of oxidative stress, inhibitory activity against α-amylase and α-glucosidase (spectroscopy), elemental composition (AAS), anti-hyperglycaemic activity, determination of serum insulin (ELISA method), subchronic toxicity studies and long-term studies were carried out. Fractionation and re-fractionation were achieved through column and preparative thin layer chromatography. Fourier transforminfrared coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy were used in identification of the active fraction (sub-fraction 10-C). All data were analysed using SPSS version 17. Phytochemical analysis of ethyl acetate extract of P. americana leaf (EPAL) revealed the presence of saponins, steroids, flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, cardiac glycosides, triterpenoids and catechins. The extract showed appreciable amount of zinc, chromium and was found to scavenge DPPH (IC50 0.279), hydroxyl radical (IC50 0.614), hydrogen peroxide (IC50 0.199) and superoxide anion (IC50 0.378) with significant levels of total flavonoids (72.6±2.2) and phenolic compounds (121.9±3.1). The antidiabetic studies showed significant reduction (P<0.05) in fasting blood glucose (FBG), increase insulin level with concomitant reversal of body weight lost, polydipsia and polyphagia in alloxan induced-diabetic rats administered EPAL. Fraction 10 of EPAL was found to possess the highest activity in lowering FBG in diabetic rats. Sub-fraction 10-C of EPAL was the most active in reduction of FBG (-50.12%). Long-term treatment of alloxan-induced diabetic rats with EPAL showed significant reduction in FBG level, increase in serum insulin with significant increase (P<0.05) in the activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione, glutathione peroxidase and a significant decrease (P<0.05) in malondialdehyde in the treated groups. Total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL, serum urea, creatinine, AST, ALT and ALP levels were found to increase significantly (P<0.05) in diabetic control group. Results of sub-chronic toxicity studies in normoglycemic rats showed a significantly decrease (P<0.05) in TC, TG, VLDL and LDL as well as significant increase (P<0.05) in ALT and serum sodium in all the groups administered EPAL. The carbohydrate-hydrolyzing enzymes inhibitory effects of the sub-fraction 10-C showed a significant alpha amylase (117.2µg/ml) and alpha glucosidase (137.1µg/ml) inhibitory potentials. The active principle in sub-fraction 10-C of EPAL was identified as a tetracyclic lanostane-type triterpene; 7,24-dihydroxy-3,11-dioxolanostanoic acid. The hypoglycaemic potential of P. americana leaf observed in this study may be associated with 7,24-dihydroxy-3,11-dioxolanostanoic acid, total flavonoids and phenolics with antioxidant activities via insulin modulation and inhibition of carbohydrates metabolising enzymes thus, controlling blood sugar level and could served as a potential candidate in developing drugs to manage diabetes mellitus and its complications
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    ANTIPLASMODIAL AND ANALGESIC ACTIVITIES OF ETHANOL STEM BARK EXTRACT OF CATUNAREGAM NILOTICA (Stapf.)
    (Bayero University Kano, 2016-11-11) FATIMA NASIDI ABUBAKAR, (B.Sc. Biochem, 2009); FATIMA NASIDI ABUBAKAR, (B.Sc. Biochem, 2009)
    Malaria, a major public health problem in the world, is responsible for death of millions particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa. Today, the control of malaria has become gradually more complex due to the spread of drug-resistant parasites. Medicinal plants are the major source of effective antimalarials. The aim of the study was to evaluate the antiplasmodial, analgesic and antipyretic activities of ethanol stem bark extract of Catunaregam nilotica (ESCN). Oral acute toxicity study of ESCN was conducted using Lorke’s method while its antiplasmodial activity was evaluated against chloroquine-sensitive Plasmodium bergheiberghei in early, repository and established infection models in mice. Analgesic activity of ESCN was evaluated in acetic acid-induced abdominal writhing and hot plate-induced pain models in mice and formalin-induced hind-paw licking model in rats. The antipyretic activity was evaluated using yeast-induced pyrexia model in rats. The oral LD50 was found to be greater than 5,000 mg/kg. The extract at oral doses of 250, 500 and 1,000 mg/kg produced significant (p<0.05) and dose-dependent decrease in level of parasitaemia in early (suppressive), repository (prophylactic) and established (curative) infections in the mice. All doses of ESCN significantly and dose-dependently prolonged the survival time of the infected mice in all the three tests compared to the control. The extract produced significant (p<0.05) and dose-dependent analgesic activity in acetic acid-induced writhing, hot plate and formalin hind paw tests in the mice and rats. The extract produced significant (p<0.05) reduction of rectal temperature in the extract-treated rats only at the highest dose (1,000 mg/kg) used. The C. nilotica stem bark extract is practically non-toxic acutely and possesses significant antiplasmodial, analgesic and antipyretic activities which could represent a lead for the development of a new antimalarial drug
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    CONSTRUCTION OF A MOULDER AND FABRICATION OF BRIQUETTE FROM BIOMASS MATERIALS (PAPER, CORNSTALK AND BAGASSE) FOR USE IN CLEAN STOVES
    (Bayero University Kano, 2016-09-09) SURAJO NAMADI; SURAJO NAMADI
    This research work was carried out to produce briquette from biomass materials (paper, cornstalk and bagasse) as an alternative to wood charcoal using a designed and fabricated hand-press briquette moulder capable of producing five briquettes at a time. Six different mixtures of briquette (100%Paper, 100%Cornstalk, 100%Bagasse, 50%Paper + 50%Cornstalk, 50%Paper + 50%Bagasse and 50%Cornstalk + 50% Bagasse) were produced using Tapioca starch as a binder. After briquetting, the physical properties of the produced briquettes were determined by direct measurements and calculations, the proximate analysis were performed in accordance with ASTM analytical method and the average results show that; the percentage volatile matter of the dried briquettes was found in the range of 80.05%–92.01%, ash content in the range 5.32%–19.32% and fixed carbon in the range of 0.34%–5.25%. The average maximum and relaxed densities of the briquettes ranged from 578.85kg/m–1011.48kg/m and 213.64kg/m–315.57kg/m respectively. With the aid of Cussons-Bomb calorimeter the calorific value of the produced briquettes varies from 12045.45J/g–17009.22J/g with the maximum value observed for sample 3. The average results for the relaxation and density ratios of the produced briquette were 2.68–3.71 and 0.27–0.37 respectively. Results from different tests show that the briquettes made from sample 3(100%Bagasse) were the best quality fuels among their counter-parts.
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    RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BMI, THIGH AND CALF CIRCUMFERENCES AND LOWER LIMBS MUSCULOSKELETAL INJURIES AMONG FOOTBALLERS OF TEAMS IN KANO METROPOLIS
    (Bayero University Kano, 2015-12-12) ABDULJALIL HUSSAIN MAIKARFE; ABDULJALIL HUSSAIN MAIKARFE
    The roles of height and weight of the individual which are determinants of BMI and the lower limb circumferences should not be underemphasized as potential risk factors for lower limb musculoskeletal injuries among footballers. The paucity of information on effect of body mass index (BMI) and lower limb circumference on lower limb musculoskeletal injuries among footballers especially in Kano state makes it necessary to fill this gap. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between BMI lower limbs circumferences and lower limbs musculoskeletal injuries among footballers in Kano metropolis. The research was a cross-sectional study carried out in randomly selected football fields in Kano metropolis. A total of 300 footballer participated in this study. All anthropometric variables were recorded using standard protocols. Data were analyzed using inferential statistics of Chi-square at probability level of <0.05. The result revealed injury occurrence of 49.7% among the players. Among the variables considered only height, thigh circumference and calf circumference were the major factors influencing musculoskeletal injuries in lower limbs among Footballers in Kano metropolis. In conclusion, the incidence of lower limb musculoskeletal injuries among footballers in Kano metropolis is significantly high. Therefore coaches and players should have injury preventive techniques seminars.
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    STUDIES ON RESISTANCE GENES ASSOCIATED WITH Staphylococcus aureus IN WOUND INFECTIONS AMONG PATIENTS ATTENDING MURTALA MUHAMMAD SPECIALIST HOSPITAL (MMSH), KANO
    (Bayero University Kano, 2017-03-01) FAIZA MUSA; FAIZA MUSA
    This study was carried out to determine the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from wounds and to study some of the resistance genes. The study was conducted on patients with wound infection attending Murtala Muhammad Hospital, Kano. A sterile swab stick was used to collect the sample before wound dressing and it was cultured on mannitol salt agar (MSA). Biochemical test was carried out to identify the S. aureus followed by MRSA screening using cefoxitin (30mcg) disc. Antibiotic susceptibility pattern of the isolates was determine using agar diffusion method. PCR was carried out to detect the resistant genes. Out of the 180 wound swabs collected S. aureus was isolated from 51 (28%), and all were sensitive to ciprofloxacin. Methicillin resistance Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was found to be 19.61%. There was no significant difference between S. aureus isolated among age groups (P>0.05). There was significant difference in S. aureus isolated between different wound type (P< 0.05). Five (9.8%) of the isolates were screened for the presence of MecA and FemB gene. MecA gene was found in 20% of the screened samples and FemB was also found in 20% of the screened samples. Occurance of FemB and MecA genes among the isolates should be considered as a menace that could cause havoc to effective chemotherapy of wound infections in the population studied.
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    PERFORMANCE OF SESAME (Sesamum indicum L.) AS AFFECTED BY WEED CONTROL METHODS AND FERTILIZERS IN KANO STATE, NIGERIA
    (Bayero University Kano, 2019-06-06) MUSEFIU ADEWALE GANIYU; MUSEFIU ADEWALE GANIYU
    Field experiments were conducted in 2017 rainy season at the research farm of Bayero University, Kano (lat 11o 58′N and long 8o 25′ E and 475m above sea level), and Gurungawa located in Kombotso Local Government Area (lat 11o 55 ′N and long 8o 31′ E and 475m above sea level). The objectives of the study were to evaluate the effects of fertilizers and weed control method of Sesame. The experiment consisted of three levels of cow dung (0t/ha, 3t/ha and 6t/ha) plus NPK. (15:15:15) fertilizer at rates of 50 kg N/ha, 60 kg P/ha, 35 kg K/ha and two levels each of two pre-emergence herbicides (Metolachlor and Pendimethalin) at 2.0 kg a.i. /ha and 2.5 kg a.i. /ha, two hoe weedings at 3 and 6WAS and a weedy check as control. The experiment was laid out in a split plot design with cow dung and NPK applied to the main plot and weed control method to the sub-plot and was replicated three times at both locations. The results of the study indicated that application of NPK at recommended rate increased growth parameters such as plant height, number of leaves, and leaf area index at both sampling period and location. Cow dung at 3 t/ha increased weed control efficiency and NPK at recommended rate increased weed index but fertilizers did not affect weed dry weight. Similarly, NPK at recommended rate and cow dung at 6t/ha significantly increased grain yield, 1000-seed weight and biological yield. Two hoe weedings at 3 and 6WAS increased growth parameters like plant height, number of leaves, leaf area index at both locations. On the other hand, application of Metolachlor and Pendimethalin at the rate of 2.5kg a.i/ha also increased plant height at the research farm of Bayero University, Kano. Both weed dry weight and weed index were increased under weedy check whereas weed control efficiency was increased with two hoe weedings. Consequently, two hoe weedings at 3 and 6WAS significantly increased yield parameters such as grain yield, biological yield and 1000-seed weight. There were highly significant and positive correlations between grain yield, leaf area index, number of leaf, plant height, plant dry weight, 1000-seed weight and weed control efficiency. However, days to 50% flowering, weed dry weight and weed index had negative correlation with yield. It is recommended that NPK (15:15:15) at the rate of 50 kg N/ha, 60 kg P/ha, 35 kg K/ha and cow dung at 6t/ha for the two locations should be used, similarly two hoe weedings and Metolachlor and Pendimethalin at the rate of 2.5kg a.i/ha can also be recommended but depending on the choice of farmer.
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    DETERMINATION OF OPTIMUM SOWING WINDOWS OF MILLET (Pennisetum glaucum L.R.Br) VARIETIES IN NIGER REPUBLIC USING CERES-MILLET MODEL
    (Bayero University Kano, 2020-02-02) ALI MALAM LABO MOHAMED; ALI MALAM LABO MOHAMED
    Field experiments were conducted at N’Dounga Research Station during the 2016 and 2017 rainy seasons and on farmers field during 2017 rainy season to determine the optimum sowing windows and select appropriate pearl millet variety adaptable to the study area. The data on days to 50 % flowering, physiological maturity, above ground biomass and grain yields were collected to calibrate and evaluate the CERES-Millet model for simulating sowing windows in Niger Republic. The treatments for the on station trial consisted of two sowing windows (late June and mid-July) and four varieties (HKP, ZATIB, CIVT and H80-10 GR). These were arranged in split plot design with three replications. Sowing window was allocated to the main plot while variety in the subplot. However, for the on farm field trial, the same varieties were sown at four different sowing windows (mid-June, Early-July, mid-July and late-July) in twelve farmers’ field being replicates. Data were collected on plant height, days to 50 % flowering, above ground biomass, number of panicles harvest index and grain yield. These were subjected to analysis of variance using JMP software. Significantly different means were separated using Student New-mankeuls (SNK) Test. On the other hand, the DSSAT model was calibrated to predict the growth and yield of millet in Niger Republic using 2016 data on station trial and subsequently, it proceeded with the evaluation with independent data (2017) on station. The model was run for nine sowing windows using long term historical weather data from 1983 to 2017 to determine the optimum sowing windows. Results of the study showed that sowing had significant effect on above ground biomass, plant height and grain yields. Similarly, higher plant height was recorded from plants that were sown in late June. However, higher grain yield was recorded from the crops that were sown in mid-June on farmers field. Higher growth, yield components and grain yield were also recorded from ZATIB compared to all other varieties. Based on the results outcome, it is suggested that ZATIB be sown in mid-June for a desired yield on farmers’ field. The results for model calibration showed that simulated growth, development and yield of millet were in a good agreement with their corresponding observed values. The results for the calibration and evaluation showed that normalized root mean square error (RMSEn) were less than 10 %. The values of d-index were also within the acceptable range for all the parameters. Therefore, CERES-Millet model is robust to satisfactorily simulate millet growth and yield in Niger Republic. Seasonal analysis revealed that sowing should be done from early June to mid June for ZATIB and H80-10 GR varieties. However, it should be done from early June to late June for CIVT and mid June to early July for HKP
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    Environmental Concerns in Contemporary African Fiction: An Ecocritical Study of Helon Habila’s Waiting for an Angel and Oil on Water
    (Bayero University Kano, 2016-09-08) FATIMA UMAR; FATIMA UMAR
    The study examines the representation of the environment in contemporary African fiction, analyzing the following two novels by Helon Habila, Waiting for an Angel and Oil on Water. The goal of the study is to assess the extent to which contemporary African fiction is responding to the developing coalition between literature and ecological preservation. Adopting an ecocritical framework in the analysis and a library research methodology, the study found that both novels, albeit in slightly different ways, present rich depictions of the environment imbued into their plots, setting, the development of characters, and thematic concerns. In this light, the study concludes that, unlike the situation a few decades ago, contemporary African fiction writers have embraced the call of global green – the infusion of environmental message into their literary texts.
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    THE COMPONETS OF NARRATION IN QASAS AL-ABARAT
    (Bayero University Kano, 2016-02-02) JA’AFAR AHMAD MUHAMMAD; JA’AFAR AHMAD MUHAMMAD
    ومولاD محمد وعل ى آله وصحبه والتابعين ومن تبعهم Rحسان إلى يوم الدين. فتتكون هذه المقدمة من العناصر والعناو ين الفرعية التالية : منها عنوان البحث , وهو مكو ت السرد فى قصص العبرات, ودوافع البحث, ويشمل رغبة الباحث فى الإسهام فى الدراسات السردية التى تعتبر أحدث الدراسات التحليلية للرواية و . حرصه عل ى تعمر مكتباتنا العربية Rنتاجات جديدة فى شتى الفنون الأدبية و , حفظ التراث الأدبى العربى عن الإنقراض . ثم أهداف البحث, وتحتوى على Dت السرد فى ّ استخراج مكو قصص"العبرات و " إظهار شىء من مساهمة "المنفلوطى فى" نشر الثقافة العربية والأدبية و . إخراج الكنوز المخبوءة فى كتاب العبرات وكيفية تجلى المكوDت السردية فيها و . ترغيب الباحثين المعاصرين فى إنتاج البحوث القيمة الجديدة لك ى تفيد ا{تمع إفادة جمة . وأهمية البحث و تشمل تزويد القارئ بمعرفة شىء مما أنتجه مصطف ى لطف ى المنفلوط ى من مساهمات أدبية عربية عريقة و . إثراء القارئ بمزيد من المادة الدراسية و . تعتبر هذه الدراسة تشجيعا للدارسين فى
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    KIDNEY FUNCTION STATUS OF PATIENTS ATTENDING NATIONAL ORTHOPAEDIC HOSPITAL DALA-KANO, NIGERIA
    (Bayero University Kano, 2016-12-01) SHEHU MUSA ADAMU; SHEHU MUSA ADAMU
    Kidney dysfunction in orthopaedic cases may be as a result of kidney injury due to fracture, burns, osteomyelitis, spinal injury, spinal tuberculosis, sickle cell disease and various forms of arthritis among others. This study was aimed at assessing the biomarkers kidney of dysfunction among patients attending National Othropeadic Hospital, Dala Kano. It is prospective randomized study conducted on total of one hundred (100) subjects; sixty (60) patients and forty (40) apparently healthy individuals between the ages of 20-80 years among both sexes. Serum urea, creatinine, malondialdehyde, uric acid, calcium, phosphate and chloride concentrations were estimated by spectrophotometric methods; sodium and potassium concentration by flame photometric method; bicarbonate by titrimetric method while eGFR and BMI were calculated. The number of males 43(71.7%) were more than females 17(28.3%) among which students were 18(30%), civil servants 12(20%), business 11(18.3%), housewives 9(15%), engineers 1(1.7%) while the rest of occupations were 9(15%) among the patients respectively. Overall prevalence of kidney disease in this study was 1.7% which is higher in males (2.3%) than their female counterparts (0%). Kidney disease was found among gouty arthritis patients within the age group 61-80 years, however none was found among 20-40 and 41-60 years. There was significant difference (p<0.05) in mean serum potassium (4.0±04 and 3.8±0.4 mmol/l), eGFR (188±54 and 152±33 ml/min/1.73m2 ) and BMI (21.28±4.4 and 25.48±5.6 kg/m2 ) between males and females respectively. The prevalence of kidney dysfunction in orthopaedic patients was higher in males than females and increasing with age and related to underweight. However, most of the biomarkers of kidney function are irrespective of gender.
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    AVAILABILITY, ACCESS AND USE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES (ICTs) IN TEACHING OF BIOLOGY IN PUBLIC SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN KANO METROPOLIS
    (Bayero University Kano, 2017-01-06) ZUBAIDA HAMZA MUHAMMAD; ZUBAIDA HAMZA MUHAMMAD
    This study was aimed at determining the Availability, Access and Use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) in Teaching of Biology in Public Senior Secondary Schools in Kano metropolis. Five research questions and one hypothesis was drawn to guide the study. Related literatures were reviewed after the conceptual framework based on the major variables of the study. A Survey research design was adopted to conduct the study. The population of the study comprised of all the Biology Teachers in Public Senior Secondary Schools in Kano Metropolis. They were two hundred and eighteen (218) in number. Sample sizes of fifty eight (58) Biology teachers were used for this study using cluster and simple random sampling techniques. The questionnaire used for the study was titled ICTs and Senior Secondary Schools Biology Teachers’ Questionnaire (ICTSSSBTQ). The questioonaire was adapted from a questionnaire tagged ICT and Federal Colleges of Education Lecturers Questionnaire (ICTFCELQ). Test re-test method was used for pilot study and Pearson product moment correlation coefficient was used to determine internal consistency of the questionnaire and reliability coefficient of 0.89 was obtained. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to answer research question 1-5 and also to test the research hypothesis using 20 version of Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS). The findings of this study revealed that ICT facilities are not Available and not Accessible for Teaching of Biology in Public Senior Secondary Schools in Kano metropolis. It was also revealed that Public Senior Secondary Schools Biology Teachers are not Utilizing basic ICT facilities during the course of Biology instruction. This study found out that a significant difference exists between male Biology teachers and female Biology teachers on the level of ICTs competence for effective teaching of Biology. It is recommended that there is a need for Kano state policy makers to respond positively towards provision of adequate ICT infrastructures and functional internet facilities in all the public Senior Secondary Schools across the state. This is to encourage and motivate teachers to utilize them during teaching and learning
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    ANTIDIABETIC, ANTIOXIDANT AND TOXICOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF METHANOL EXTRACTS OF Ocimum canum AND Dacryodes edulis
    (Bayero University Kano, 2019-08-08) ONONAMADU CHIMAOBI JAMES; ONONAMADU CHIMAOBI JAMES
    Diabetes mellitus is a disease with complex and multifaceted etiology and the role of oxidative stress in its progression and complications is widely documented. Thus, it is proposed that plants by virtue of their rich diverse phytochemicals may proffer treatment options withmultipronged mode of action in the management of diabetes. This study evaluated the antidiabetic and antioxidant potential of the methanolic extract of the leaves of Dacryodes edulis and Ocimum canumand further characterized the most active extract.The crude extracts and solvent fractions were obtained by maceration of the pulverized leaves in methanol and solvent-solvent partition of the crude extract respectively. The most active solvent fraction was further fractionated to obtain the sub-fractions. The phytochemicals were determined by standard procedures. The antidiabetic potential of the extracts were evaluated in vivo and in vitro using STZ-induced diabetic wistar rat model and inhibition of carbolytic enzymes respectively. Antioxidant activity was assessed in vitro by radical scavenging and reducing power assays and in vivo by monitoring oxidative stress markers. The toxicity of the most active solvent fraction was assessed by oral administration of the solvent fraction and the effects on organ/body weight, haematological, liver and kidney function indices were determined using standard methods. The identification of bioactive compounds was carried out by Liquid Chromatography-Mass spectroscopy system (LC-MS). The result revealed that the extracts exhibited varying degrees of activities with respect to the assayed/monitored parameters and the most significant activities were observed with the crude extract of Dacryodes edulis and its aqueous-methanol solvent fraction overall. The acute and subchronic toxicological evaluation of the aqueous-methanol solvent fraction revealed the solvent fraction was relatively safe (LD50>5000mg/kgbw) and showed no marked extract induced derangement on organ structures, liver and kidney function indices except for the decline in erythrocytic indices observed at the highest dose of 600mg/kgbw. The fractionation of the aqueous-methanol solvent fraction yielded six (6) sub-fractions (A-F). Sub-fraction E significantly (p<0.05) exhibited the highest activity- reduced high fasting blood glucose and postprandial in STZ-diabetic and normoglycemic rat models respectively, inhibited carbolytic enzymes, scavenged free radicals in vitro and reversed some altered oxidative stress marker in the diabetic wistar rats. The LC-MS analysis of sub-fraction E identified six potentially active compounds:1.Epicatechin-(4,8’)-epicatechin; 2.(Epi)Cathechin-(4,8)-(epi)gallocathechin; 3.Tricin-1-O-[2-O-sinapoyl-glucuronopyranosyl- (1-2)-O-glucuronopyranoside]; 4.(3b,21b)-12-oleanene-3,21,28-triol28[arabinosyl-(1->3)- arabinoside]; 5.Phytolaccagenicacid-3-O-galactose(1-3)glucopyranoside; 6.phytolaccagenicacid-3-O-glucopyranosyl(1-4)pyranoside. In conclusion, the findings of this research show that the methanolic extracts of Dacryodes edulis and Ocimum canum have great potential to reduce high blood glucose in STZ induced diabetic rats as well as ameliorate the associated oxidative stress condition. These activities may be largely due to the inhibition of carbolytic enzymes, stimulation of insulin secretion from residual β-cells and improved insulin sensitivity actions of the phytoconstituents of these plants which was observed to be relatively high in the aqueous-methanol solvent fractions of Dacryodes edulis. Furthermore six compounds (3-oleane type-saponins and 3 flavonoids derivatives) which structural analogues have been largely reported to be hypoglycemic with antioxidative activities were identified. The result of the study provides a scientific basis for the use of these plants in folk medicine and also the baseline data for its further characterization.
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    INFORMATION RETRIEVAL TECHNIQUES AND THE USE OF THE INTERNET RESOURCES BY STUDENTS OF FEDERAL COLLEGES OF EDUCATION IN NORTHWEST ZONE, NIGERIA
    (Bayero University Kano, 2019-07-07) ZAINAB MUHAMMAD DAIYAB; ZAINAB MUHAMMAD DAIYAB
    The study was conducted to investigate the information retrieval techniques and use of the Internet resources by NCE students of Federal Colleges of Education in North-West Zone, Nigeria. The study used a quantitative methodology using a cross-sectional survey design. The population of the study consisted of 50,865 NCE students of the federal colleges of education in the North-West zone, Nigeria. A sample size of 420 respondents was used for the study, using Yemane’s Formula. A structured questionnaire was the instrument used to collect the data relevant to the study. The data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Findings from the study revealed that, there was high awareness about Search Engines among the students of FCE. It was also discovered that colleagues were the major source of awareness among the respondents under study. The study also found that FCE students used Google, Google Scholar, ASK, and Yahoo Search Engines. The study further discovered that pharase searching and the use of Boolean operators were the Retrieval Techniques used by the respondents. Studies and Research were the major purpose of using Search Engines and Information Retrieval Techniques. Download delay and lack of searching skills were the challenges associated with information retrieval techniques and the use of the Internet resources. Lastly, the study recommended that information literacy programs on search engines need to be introduced that will help in teaching information retrieval skills and internet searching skills to students as a whole.
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    SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION, CONTROL AND ECONOMIC IMPACT OF AQUATIC PLANTS IN AJIWA DAM, KATSINA STATE, NIGERIA
    (Bayero University Kano, 2016-01-02) WAHEEDA MUKHTAR IBRAHIM; WAHEEDA MUKHTAR IBRAHIM
    The central aim of this work was to assess the spatial distribution, classification, control and economic impact of aquatic plants dominant in the Ajiwa Dam. The key methodology used to achieve this aim was field survey which adopted the purposive sampling technique whereby samples were collected through wading, using boats or walking along the bank. All macrophytes present were recorded together with the estimated percentage cover of overall macrophytes growth. The principal findings of the work indicated that about 80% of the emergent macrophytes are new and developing and that the distribution of the aquatic plants was highly influenced by the water depth and the rate of fishing and grazing at the area. The most abundant plant is Typha australis at 50% closely followed by Salvinia molesta at 30% and Nymphae lotus was the scarcest at 5%. The aquatic plants could cause serious threat to the activities of irrigation, domestic water supply etcetera by acting as weeds infesting water ways and this work researched how to control them by adopting the economic impacts to be derived from them. It was concluded that aquatic plants pose serious threat to the ecosystem but they could be used in many ways especially for food and medicine to make them environmental friendly and it was recommended that regional workshops be held to better access the wealth of additional information that could not be accessed through this research.
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    EFFECTS OF CONCEPT MAPPING STRATEGY ON ACHIEVEMENT AND LEARNING RETENTION IN SOCIAL STUDIES AMONG JUNIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN KANO MUNICIPAL, KANO STATE, NIGERIA
    (Bayero University Kano, 2019-10-10) SANUSI TANKO BALA; SANUSI TANKO BALA
    The study examined the effects of concept mapping strategy on achievement and learning retention in social studies among Junior Secondary School students in Kano Municipal, Kano State, Nigeria. Five Specific Objectives from which five research questions and five corresponding hypotheses were formulated for the study. The design of the study was Quasiexperimental pretest posttest design. All JSS II social studies Students in Kano Municipal Zonal Educational directorate constituted the population of the study and six JSS Schools (3 boys and 3 girls) were randomly selected using balloting method from the directorate, while two intact classes of JSS II were selected in each school and converted into control and experimental group. A total of 438 students participated in the study broken down as 226 boys and 213 girls in the six selected schools. Instruments used for data collection were social studies Academic Achievement test and social studies learning retention test, which were developed by the researcher and validated by an expert in Social Studies, the researcher’s supervisor and some social studies teaching staff. While social studies achievement test was a multiple choice objective, social studies learning retention test was fill in the blank. Reliability coefficient of 0.75 and 0.70 were attained after test piloting the two instruments using Pearson product movement correlation (PPMC) statistical technique. Two sets of data, pretest and posttest were collected from two groups of students control and experimental involved in the experiment. Data collected were analyzed using mean and standard deviation for the research questions and t-test statistical technique for the hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. The findings of the study revealed that students taught social studies using concept mapping instructional strategy achieved higher than those taught the subject using lecture method. It also revealed that student’s performance was enhance when they were taught via concept mapping instructional strategy. To this regard, teachers need to use concept mapping instructional strategy so as to improve the academic performance and retention of learning among their students.
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    POLITICS OF OIL AND MINORITY RIGHTS IN THE NIGER-DELTA AREA OF NIGERIA.
    (Bayero University Kano, 2016-02-09) MANPA’A ALIYU MUSA; MANPA’A ALIYU MUSA
    This research examine the implication of oil politics and agitation for Minority rights on the socio-economic development of the oil producing communities in the Niger-Delta between 1999-2009. The study adopted the petro-state theory as basis of it analysis, this argument is hinged on the par-axis that oil dependence has political implication similar to the economic effect known as the ‘Dutch Disease’ or the resource curse. To them this political effects are primarily responsible for generating subsequent economic problems. In other words oil rents eventually weaken state institutions, and this hollowing out of the state occurs within the context of growing grievances. The study utilized both primary and secondary source of data, using survey method and the use of available documents. In specific term the primary data for this research were gathered through questionnaire. Secondary data on the other hand were generated through library documentation analysis. For data analysis, both descriptive and correlation statistical tools were used. Similarly data from secondary sources were analysed through simple descriptive technique known as document analysis. The study established that; the straggle for ownership and control of land, mineral, rent and royalties, the desire to influence the principle of revenue allocation based on derivation and special funds, the struggle for the political restructuring of the federation in other to accommodate their demands as well as the need, the environmental and ecological degradation that affect their communities as a result of oil exploration and exploitation as the major socio-economic and political factors that influence the tempo of the agitation for minority right in the Niger-Delta community.The study also revealed that the agitation has resulted in massive provision of infrastructure by government in the area of health, schools, water, roads and environmental sanitation, a development which tremendously impacted on the livelihood of the Niger-Delta communities. The study identify violence and threats of violence, constitutional and legalistic approach, institutional measures as well as diversionary tactic; and divide and rule as the major nature of state response to the Niger-Delta crisis. The study concluded that, although oil has contributed to the instability and lack of socio-economic development of Nigeria in general and Niger Delta in particular, it is not by any means the only reason as there are also other local factors such as state institutions choice of leadership and public policy