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Item 1 ISOLATION AND SUSCEPTIBILITY OF DERMATOPHYTIC FUNGI SPORES TO ANTIFUNGAL AGENTS IN ZARIA, NIGERIA(Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, 2008-01-09) ADEDOYIN EBERE EKEOMA; ADEDOYIN EBERE EKEOMATinea capitis is a highly contagious infection of the scalp and hair caused by dermatophytes. In Nigera, as much as 30.6% of children have been reported to have these dermatophytic fungal infection. Dermatophytic fungal isolates from pupils in three primary schools in Zaria Nigeria were cultured, characterized and identified using standard microbiological methods. Antifungal activities of five selected commonly used chemical agents against five most resistant dermatophytic fungal isolates viz Trichophyton rubrum (Tr10), Trichophyton mentagrophytes (Tm07), Trichophyton tonsurans (Tt06), Trichophyton verucosum (Tv03), and Trichophyton soudanese (Ts01), were investigated using parameters such as Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), Minimum Fungicidal Concentration (MFC), Fractional Inhibitory Concentration (FIC), for Antifungal Agents Combinations and the effect of time on sporicidal activities of test chemical agents on the most resistant dermatophytic fungal spores. A total of 81 dermatophytic fungi were isolated from 150 swabs and samples collected from the volunteered primary school pupils. The dermatophytes were Trichophyton rubrum (12), Trichophyton mentagrophytes (18), Trichophyton verucosum (14) Trichophyton soudanese (16), Trichophyton tonsurans (13), Trichophyton violaceum (4) and Microsporum canis (4). Test fungal isolates with the highest incidences were Trichophyton mentagrophytes 18(22.2%), followed by Trichophyton soudanese 16(19.8%). Microsporum canis and Trichophyton violaceum were the least isolated, 4(4.9%) each. The M.I.C values of Flucytosine, Terbinafine HCL, and Tioconazole range from 0.50 to 100.00μg/ml against the five selected test fungi spores. The antifungal activity of Sodium propionate ranges from 50.0 to 250.0 μg/ml against the five dermatophytic spores. The order of inhibitory antifungal activity was Fluconazole > flucytosine >Terbinafine > Tioconazole > Sodium propionate. Similarly the Minimum Fungicidal Concentration of the test antifungal agents against the five selected test fungi spores showed the order of the antifungal activities as Fluconazole, > Terbinafine > Flucytosine > Tioconazole > Sodium Propionate. The most resistant dermatophyte was Trichophyton rubrum. Biocidal activities of the test compounds at 0.156μM concentration, displayed marked fungicidal activities in the order of Terbinafine HCl >Tioconazole > sodium propionate > Fluconazole, with one log cycle reduction time of 5.0, 7.5, 15.0, and 20.0 minutes respectively. After the first 30 minutes contact time in the admixtures, the log cycles reduction of resistant T.rubrum spores were in the following order; Terbinafine HCL (3.90) > Tioconazole (2.40) > Sodium Propionate (1.50) > Fluconazole (1.20) log cycles reductions. Generally, there was rapid rate of fungicidal activity among the test antifungal agents within the first 50 minutes. Based on the Minimum Fungicidal Concentration (MFC) values of the test antifungal agents, six new potential combined antifungal agents were formulated with tenfold their M.F.C. Results of the combinations of test antifungal agents against the most resistant T. rubrum showed synergism for Terbinafine /Sodium propionate, Fluconazole/ Sodium propionate, and Tioconazole /sodium propionate. The observed results in this study proved that the test antifungal agents singly and in combination possessed appreciable activities against the isolated dermatophytic fungi spores in Zaria NigeriaItem 1 MARQUEURS CONVERSATIONNELS EN LANGUE JJU : UNE ETUDE ANALYTIQUE(Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, 2018-08-23) ABRAK, HABILA MADAKI; ABRAK, HABILA MADAKIThis work : CONVERSATIONAL MARKERS IN JJU LANGUAGE: AN ANALYTICAL STUDY is embedded in the field of interactional linguistics. We have worked on a phenomenon that is purely oral: “les marqueurs” which is rooted in conversational analysis, a sociological trend that has as its focus, to observe details of interaction in their natural setting. The oral aspect of language, having been neglected for a very long time in contrast to the written word, began to find its worth of place later and subsequently became a subject of multidisciplinary study in which researchers from different fields became interested. Our work centred on the native speakers of jju language from the southern part of Kaduna State in Nigeria. The language has a minority status whose linguistic study has remained poor due to: lack of interest by its speakers, lack of pedagogical materials and above all, lack of support from the government. There is the unconscious use of the markers in the daily conversations of the jju speakers. The objectives of the study were, among others, to: identify the conversational markers in jju language; identify the contexts of their usage; identify the difficulties encountered by jju speakers in the course of using the markers in their daily conversations. Related approaches to the study of markers, in particular, and to conversation, in general were used. In this study, three approaches were used: sociolinguistic approach, pragmatic approach and interactionist approach. These approaches had one thing in common: interaction. The method of data collection was the recording of natural conversation of the speakers of jju. In the study, it was observed that markers help in making conversation efficient; they served as a medium of interpersonal understanding; they helped in decoding the manner in which a speaker conceived and expressed meaning; it was also observed that most of the markers used by the Bajju are found at the beginning of the sentence and that there is no much difference between men andItem 1 THE IMPACT OF THE MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS` CONDITIONAL CASH TRANSFER (MDG-CCT) SCHEME ON POVERTY ALLEVIATION IN NIGERIA: A CASE STUDY OF GOMBE STATE (2011-2015)(Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, 2018-03-08) Ibrahim Jalo ABUBAKAR; Ibrahim Jalo ABUBAKAR9 ABSTRACT In pursuance of the desire to reduce long term poverty among the non- active groups of the poor-physically-challenged, poor-aged, widows, diseased and the most vulnerable-that is transmitted from generation to generation, Nigeria, within the MDGs’ framework, adopted conditional cash transfers as new strategy for addressing poverty and promoting social protection of the poor. Based on this background and within the context of this framework, therefore, this research assesses the impact of the MDGs’ Conditional Cash Transfer (MDG- CCT) scheme; a social transfer programme, on poverty alleviation particularly the intergenerational transfer of poverty and promotion of social protection among its targeted population in Gombe and Yamaltu-Deba Local Government Areas of Gombe State. The significance of this study is that it focuses on the impact of Conditional Cash Transfers on intergenerational poverty (poverty trap) in the study areas which previous studies have neglected. The research essentially adopted a survey method as its research design and data were generated from both primary and secondary sources through administering of interview, focus group discussion, observation and extraction of information from relevant publications. The populations of the study were the MDG-CCT staff and the beneficiaries’ populations in the two LGAs. The research adopted Lindblom’s Incremental Theory as its explanatory framework and Qualitative method of data analysis was used to present and analyze the data generated. The findings of the study show that there was credibility in the selection criteria of the CCT beneficiaries. The level of funding in the programme has promoted social protection of the beneficiaries. Other findings of this study were that the methods of delivery of the CCT programme were effective in reducing extreme poverty among beneficiaries and its general implementation strategies have succeeded in reducing intergenerational transfer of poverty among the beneficiaries in the study areas. The research recommended that similar programmes should be replicated to cover not only the non-active groups of the poor but the active population of the poor who constitutes the vast majority of the poor in the study areas. Infrastructural facilities such as roads, schools, hospitals among others should be improved in the study areasItem 1 أسلوب الشرط في ديوان القاضي عمر إبراىيم"حديقة الأزىار" دراسة نحوية(Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, 2017-12-07) إعداد الطالب:; إعداد الطالب:الشكر لله كحده على ما أعطى كأنعم كلا أحصي الثناء عليو ىو كما أث تٌ على نفسو سبحانو كتعالى,اللٌهم لك ابغمد لا إلو إلا ٌ أنت,كالصلاة كالسلاـ على ابؼبعوث ربضة للعابؼ تُ محمد النبي الطاىر كعلى آلو كصحبو كعلى سائر الأنبياء كابؼرسل تُ كمن اتبعهم إلى يوـ الدينItem 101.pdf(Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, 2021-06-17) Abdullateef Gbenga SULE MEd Health Education (ABU, 2021); Abdullateef Gbenga SULE MEd Health Education (ABU, 2021)The Tertiary Institutions Social Health Insurance Programme (TISHIP) is a healthcare delivery scheme that is targeted for students of tertiary institutions such as universities, polytechnics and colleges of education to ensure that every student in tertiary institution have access to quality healthcare. The awareness, utilization and satisfaction among students are very crucial to realization of objectives of the programme. It was against this backdrop that this study assessed the levels of awareness, utilization and satisfaction with Tertiary Institutions Social Health Insurance Programme (TISHIP) among students of tertiary institutions in Kaduna State. The study was carried out using descriptive study design to assessed 400 students in a proportionately sampled from Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Federal College of Education Zaria and Kaduna Polytecnic, Kaduna. Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire short form (PSQ-Short form) was used to assess satisfaction among the students while questionnaires on awareness and utilization were adapted from the National blueprint for TISHIP. One sample t test, ANOVA and paired t test were used to analysed the hypotheses with level of significant set at (P-value 0.05). The data analysis revealed that awareness is about forty seven percent (47.2%) with (m=2.36; SD=0.92), Utilization was about forty two percent (42.5%) with (m=2.26; SD=1.08) and satisfaction fifty seven percent (57%) with (m=2.85; SD=1.14). Awareness was significantly different from utilization (t=12.456; p=0.000) and Utilization was also significantly different from satisfaction (7.395; p=0.000). However, the levelsof awareness, utilization and satisfaction were not significantly different among students of the various tertiary institutions. The levels of awareness, utilization and satisfaction were similar in all the tertiary institutions but were generally low and have no practical significance.Item 132.pdf(Ahmadu Bello University Zaria)Item 135.pdf(Ahmadu Bello University Zaria)Item 161.pdf(Ahmadu Bello University Zaria)Item 169.pdf(Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, 2018-10-26) JOSHUA TERSUE ADEKE; JOSHUA TERSUE ADEKEThis study determined the reproductive endocrine and clinico-pathological changes associated with Escherchia coli (E. coli ) infection in layer chickens. A total of 20 laying chickens (20 weeks old) were acquired and assigned, at random, into two groups (infected and control) of 10 layers each. Each of the birds in the infected group was challenged with 0.5 ml of bacterial aliquot containing 109 colony forming units (CFU) of the bacteria, administered intratracheally. Three (3) ml of blood were collected from each bird in both groups and used for haematological and biochemical analyses. E. coli infection in the layers caused reduction in feed and water consumption, watery yellowish faeces and weakness by day 3 post infection (pi) and also decreased mean oestrogen profile from day 6 (347 ± 2.55 pg/ml) reached the lowest value (332.6 ± 5.41 pg/ml) on day 28 pi that differed significantly (p < 0.05) from the corresponding value in the control group. The mean plasma progesterone profile in the infected group started from day 4 pi and reached the lowest significant (p<0.05) value (94.8 ± 1.98 pg/ml) on day 28 pi, against the control group. The mean plasma calcium concentration decreased from day 6 to reach a lowest level (1.61 ± 0.11 mmol/L) on day 14 pi, which was significantly different (p < 0.05) from that in the control group. The mean plasma phosphate concentration increased from day 6 to a significantly (p < 0.05) higher level (1.64 ± 0.12 mmol/L) on day 14. The mean parathormone profile increased from day 6 (24.10 ± 0.56 pg/ml) to a significantly (p < 0.05) higher level on day 21 (31.04 ± 0.80 pg/ml). The mean plasma aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity in the infected group progressively increased from day 6 pi to reach a significantly higher (p < 0.05) value (66.4 ± 0.93 IU/L) on day 28 pi while the mean plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity progressively increased in the infected group beginning from day 6 pi to attain the highest significant (p < 0.05) value (74.4 ± 2.11 IU/L) on day 21 pi compared to the control group. The mean plasma total protein concentration in the infected group decreased from day 4 piItem 176.pdf(Ahmadu Bello University Zaria)Item 252.pdf(Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, 2011-12-26) UBANI, CHARLES ONYEMAECH; UBANI, CHARLES ONYEMAECHThe study was carried out to study the socio-economic and institutional factors influencing the adoption of improved maize technology among farmers in Giwa Local Government Area of Kaduna State. Data were collected using structured questionnaire from the respondents who major on maize production. A total strength of 631 farmers constituted the sample frame. Out of which 20% of respondents were purposively selected from each wards of the Local Government Area for the study bringing the total number of sample size to 126. Both descriptive statistics (involving the use of percentage and frequency) and Multiple Regression Model were used for the analysis. The result showed that four variables were found to be significant in relation to the adoption of improved maize technologies. These variables include education, farm size, household size and gender of the respondents. Going by the aforementioned indicator, farm activities in the study area is subsistence as majority of the respondents 50% was able to produce between 30-80 bags. The study revealed low output by majority of respondents resulting from incomprehensive diffusion and adoption process. This study was able to identify lack of homogeneity as a prime factor that hinders bumper maize harvest such as: identification of needs, priorities and preferences of the farmers in the study area. To ensure food security in the study area, this work recommended that there should be some level of capacity building. This has to do with intensive training and retraining on better ways of managing the soil through effective disease/striga control measures before adopting the improved technologies by these farmers who are mainly subsistence farmersItem 253.pdf(Ahmadu Bello University Zaria)Item 319.pdf(Ahmadu Bello University Zaria)Item 467.pdf(Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, 2017-02-24) BULAMA, SHATU; BULAMA, SHATUA study was designed to estimate genetic parameters of growth, haematological and glutathione peroxidase enzyme activity and egg production characteristics in the base, F1 (first filial) and F2 (second filial) generations of Japanese quail. A total of 100 day old chicks were raised on diet containing 26% CP and 2741 ME Kcal/Kg until 4 weeks of age, and then were introduced to breeder diets containing 24%CP and 2900 ME Kcal/kg; 45 females and 15 males were randomly selected using a mating ratio of 1male: 3 females. Bird shank length, body length and thigh length of the quails were measured in cm at four and six weeks of age. Birds were weighed in Grams at two, four and six weeks of age. Growth rate during the periods of two, four and six weeks were calculated. About 1.5ml of blood was collected at six and nine weeks of age and evaluated for glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in plasma and other haematological variables. Also, Egg production measures such as age at sexual maturity, egg number and egg weight at nine weeks, days in lay and rate of lay were recorded. Obtained data were subjected to one-way analysis of variance to test sex effect, generational effect of egg production, Phenotypic correlation between growth, haematological, enzyme activity and egg production variables and heritability estimate were also determined in the F1 and F2 generation. The result showed that GPx enzymes activity and blood plasma constituents are positively correlated with growth traits and egg production traits. Heritability of Glutathione peroxidase based on sire variance was high. (F1 0.51: F2 0.55). In conclusion glutathione peroxidase activity were high in females than in males (Females 12.75u/g, Males 12.18u/g) GPx enzymes activity and blood plasma constituents are positively correlated with growth traits and egg production traits. Therefore selection for either of the traits (GPx enzymes and BloodItem 474.pdf(Ahmadu Bello University Zaria) Abdullahi Daniel Uzoma EZE; Abdullahi Daniel Uzoma EZEThe study was a comparative analysis of the management of public and private secondary schools in Kaduna State, Nigeria. The study had five specific objectives, five research questions and five null hypotheses. Descriptive survey research design was used for the study. The population of the study is one thousand five hundred and twenty eight (1528) which consists of principals from all public and private secondary schools in Kaduna State. Out of this number, three hundred and seven (307) were purposively sampled in the State from each of the two Local Government Areas. The researcher developed a checklist for data collection. The researcher collected a letter of introduction from the department of vocational and technical education, that enabled the researcher to collect official data needed for the study from MinistryItem 491.pdf(Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, 2012-03-26) SANI, Dahiru Muhammad; SANI, Dahiru MuhammadThe issue of recognition and enforcement of arbitral awards obtained from other jurisdictions in Nigeria is so central to the principle governing International Commercial Arbitration. This is because for any arbitral award to be meaningful to the party who obtained it, it must be capable of being enforced. This is the only way that a party is guaranteed of benefitting from the fruits of the award, which he will do through the instrument of the court. There are, however, problems associated with recognizing and enforcing such awards by the Nigerian courts. Part of the problem is constitutional while part of it has to do with the laws governing the issue of enforcement of the award. Most of the laws and international conventions dealing with arbitration have barred courts from intervening in any matter which is the subject of arbitration. This provision is in a way, unconstitutional as the constitution grants courts power to adjudicate in any civil or criminal matter brought before them. Therefore barring the courts from entertaining such matters will be a contradiction of the constitutional provisions especially, Sections 1(3) and 272. The other aspect of the problem is the issue of reciprocity introduced by the Foreign Judgements (Reciprocal Enforcement of Awards) Act, Cap. F.35 L.F.N 2004 and the New York Convention of 1958. Having the enforcement of award to be based on reciprocity as it is the case under the above mentioned laws, is indeed not a good law in the 21st century, especially with regards to the laws dealing with commercial transactions. The issue of executing such awards against foreign sovereigns is another problem which this research has to contend with, especially where state parties are involved.Item 498.pdf(Ahmadu Bello University Zaria)Item 590.pdf(Ahmadu Bello University Zaria)Item 63.pdf(Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, 2019-12-05) Usman Galadima MUHAMMAD; Usman Galadima MUHAMMADThis study examined effect of Cognitive Restructuring technique on Social Anxiety among Senior Secondary School Students in Suleja Education Zone Niger State, Nigeria. The study was guided by four research objectives, research questions and null hypotheses. The study employed quasi experimental design involving pretest and posttest. The population of the study comprised of 49 SS2 students identified with social anxiety from Government Day Secondary School Gawu Babangida Gurara Local Government in Suleja Education Zone Niger State, Nigeria. Nineteen (19) selected students constituted the sample and were used for the study. The 49 students were identified using social anxiety scale (SAS) developed by Yahya and Nyarko-Sampson (2016). The research questions were answered using mean and standard deviation and the null hypotheses were tested using paired sampled t-Test. The findings of the study revealed that: Cognitive Restructuring technique has significant effect on the Cognitive component of Social Anxiety with p=0.017, significant effect on the Behavioural component with p=.000, significant effect on the Physiological component with p=0.005 and also significant effect on the Emotional component of Social Anxiety with p=.000. All less than 0.05 level of significance. based on the findings of this study, the researcher recommended that, school counsellors and psychologists should be encouraged to use Cognitive Restructuring technique in handling students with Social Anxiety and also, School teachers should be encouraged to replace corporal punishment with Cognitive Restructuring technique in handling students with Social Anxiety by referring the victim students to the school counsellors and psychologists for help.Item ACCESS AND USE OF INFORMATION AMONG SURVIVING MICRO AND SMALL SCALE ENTREPRENEURS IN SABON GARI LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, ZARIA, KADUNA STATE, NIGERIA(Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, 2019-10-25) OKANLAWON, CECILIA ESOTU (MRS); OKANLAWON, CECILIA ESOTU (MRS)The study examined how Micro and Small Scale entrepreneurs in Sabon Gari Local Government Area, Kaduna State access and use information for their businesses. It was discovered from the literature that many MSSEs collapsed within 5 years of establishment due to variety of factors including inadequate incentives, poor personal traits and poor manpower management. Five research questions were developed which are: What products generate high turnover for entrepreneurs in Sabon Gari Local Government Area? How do surviving MSSEs access information on products with high turnover in Sabon Gari Local Government Area? How do MSSEs use information in Sabon Gari Local Government Area? What are the sources of information available to MSSEs in Sabon Gari Local Government Area. How does the theory of information activities in work task by Bystrom 1999 explain how entrepreneurs access and use information in Sabon Gari Local Government Area? A qualitative research method using a case study research design was used to gain indepth understanding on how MSSEs access and use information. Data was collected through semi-structured interview. Purposive sampling technique was used to select participants for the study. The findings were that entrepreneurs identify products that generate high turnover in Sabon Gari Local Government Area. MSSEs access information on products with high turnover in Sabon Gari Local Government Area. MSSEs use information on products with high turnover in Sabon Gari Local Government Area and MSSEs identified the sources of information available on products with high turnover. Subsequently libraries should collaborate with entrepreneurs to give talk and answer questions on businesses