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Item SYNTHESIS AND ANTIMICROBIAL STUDIES OF SCHIFF BASES DERIVED FROM SALICYLALDEHYDE AND SOME AMINO ACIDS AND THEIR METAL(II) COMPLEXES.(Bayero University Kano, 0015-11-20) BASHARIYYA LAWAN ABDULLAHI; BASHARIYYA LAWAN ABDULLAHIComplexes formed from the interaction of Co(II), Cu(II), Ni(II), Fe(II) and Zn(II) with Schiff base derived from salicylaldehyde and Isoleucine or Valine have been prepared and characterized on the basis of melting point/decomposition temperature, solubility, molar conductance, UV-visible spectroscopy and infrared analysis. All the complexes were found to decompose at a temperature range of 220-258°C. They were all found soluble in DMSO and a conductivity value in the range of 9-18Ω cm 2mol–1. The complexes have been found to be 1: 2 (metal- ligand) ratio. The ligand and metal complexes were screened for antimicrobial activities against five pathogenic bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella preumoniae and Proteus mirabilis) and two fungi (Aspergillus fumigatus and mucor species). The ligands recorded lower activity against the species compared to the complexesItem قسم الدراسات الإسلامية والشريعة كلية الآداب والدارسات الإسلامية جامعة يرو-كنو(Bayero University Kano, 0016-12-12) إعداد الطالب:; إعداد الطالب:The diversity of languages and skin colours is among the signs of Allah (SWT). In communities, Allah has created different and divergent tribes and nations for the purpose of acquaintance, understanding and joint responsibility among them. Surely, Allah has placed His blessing in all tribes, particularly the one that embraced Islam in early days and abided by its teachings. Kambari tribe in Niger State is a big and giant tribe that professed, embraced and propagated Islam among its people. However, Hausa merchants and Muslim scholars have played important role in introducing Islam to Kambari tribe and spreading it among the people. It is also on record that Sardauna of Sokoto, the Premier of Northern Region also played a vital role in disseminating Islam and persuading idol worshippers to accept Islam in Kambari Society. The scholarly movement in Kwantagora Emirate had strongly impacted in educating the society, and getting rid of the stains of shirk, disgusting traditions and the inherited culture of idol worshipping. Owing to mercy of Allah, the society has changed to better conditions politically, socially and economically.Item IMPACT OF PHYSICO-CHEMICAL FACTORS ON INSECTICIDES RESISTANCE PROFILE IN Anopheles MOSQUITOES WITHIN RESIDENTIAL AND INDUSTRIAL AREAS OF KANO METROPOLIS, NIGERIA(Bayero University Kano, 0019-09-20) JOHN TIMOTHY DATIT; JOHN TIMOTHY DATITThis study was conducted to determine the current resistance status of Anopheles mosquitoes to insecticides within industrial and residential areas in kano metropolis, compare the levels of physicochemical parameters within the two sites and compare the resistance mechanism of sodium channel mutation (kdr mutation frequency) to physicochemical properties of breeding water from the two sites. The sites were chosen to reflect the type of human activities taken place around. Anopheles mosquito larvae were identified morphologically and collected together with water from the two sites. Adult Anopheles gambiae reared from larvae were subjected to WHO susceptibility test using 0.75% Permethrin, 0.75% Permethrin + Piperoxyl Butoxide (PBO), Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) 4%, Bendiocarb 4%, Malathion 0.1%. Molecular analysis revealed all the mosquitoes to be Anopheles coluzzii. Kdr mutation was detected using PCR-based method. A total of 18 physicochemical parameters from each sites were analyzed and their levels compared with resistance profile for pamethrin. Generally, physicochemical parameters measured in Sharada were found to be higher and differ significantly from those of wailari area (P<0.05) except for level of sulphate ion. Anopheles coluzzii were highly resistant to pamethrin about 41% and 50 on addition of PBO for wailari and 38% to 56 on addition of PBO for Sharada area. Bivariate analysis using Pearsons correlation showed a negative correlation exist between L1014F mutation and all the physico-chemical parameters amongst mosquitoes from both sharada and wailari areas (r ≤0.956 P=0.01) except for sulphate which has a positive correlation (r=0.993 P=0.01). In susceptible strain all parameters showed positive correlation (r≥0.956 P=0.01) except for sulphate again which is negatively correlated (r=-0.993 P=0.01). L1014F mutation was detected in both resistant and susceptible mosquitoes from the two study areas with the following frequencies; Wailari resistant 0.83(83%), wailari susceptible 0.85(85%), Sharada resistant 0.5(50%), sharada susceptible 1(100%). All mosquitoes in the area of study were found to be anopheles coluzziItem ANTHROPOMETRY, BLOOD PRESSURE, FASTING BLOOD GLUCOSE, TOTAL CHOLESTEROL AND ELEMENTAL PROFILE OF PREGNANT WOMEN ATTENDING KIRU COMPREHENSIVE HEALTH CENTER KANO STATE(Bayero University Kano, 0020-11-11) KABIRU TUKUR; KABIRU TUKURThe present study determined body weight and height (Body Mass Index-BMImeasurements were calculated according to the formula weight (kg)/height2 (m), serum levels of Haemoglobin, Fasting Blood Glucose, Total Cholesterol and whole Blood levels of eight elements (calcium, cobalt, chromium, copper, iron, magnesium, lead and zinc in pregnant women (in the three trimesters) and in non-pregnant women. Sixty apparently healthy pregnant women and twenty non pregnant non lactating women (age range 17-34 years) participated in the study. The results showed significant difference in BMI of the pregnant women (1st, 2nd, and 3rd trimesters) and the control group (p>0.05). On the same being, the results indicated that there is a significant increase (p<0.05) in the Glucose and Total Cholesterol levels between the non pregnant women and pregnant women through the trimesters. Similarly, the Blood Pressure increases significantly as the pregnancy progresses. The results also showed that the levels of haemoglobin and that of the mineral elements assayed decreased significantly (p<0.05) as the pregnancy progressed through the three trimesters.Item A COGNITIVE SEMANTIC STUDY OF HAUSA CONTAINMENT SCHEMA(Bayero University Kano, 2009-12-12) BINTA MUHAMMAD RABI’U; BINTA MUHAMMAD RABI’UThis study analyzed the conceptual structure of Hausa containment schema as well as the metaphorical interaction among these concepts. The methodology employed by this research is the qualitative, it involves largely the employment of observations, interactions and interviews which are related to qualitative techniques, suitable for this study. The theoretical framework used in analyzing the data of this research is Image Schema theory (IST) founded and developed by Johnson (1987). The assumption of the theory is that, containment schema provides a possible mechanism for the operation of conceptual metaphor in language, but more than that, they can account for our entire understandings of the world from concrete physical concepts to more abstract scientific concepts. The finding of the research shows that Hausa containment schema metaphorically projected from a source domain onto a target domain. The interesting finding revealed by the research is that among the Hausa containment schema that are examined, concrete objects have been metaphorically conceptualized as abstract things while abstract objects have been metaphorically conceptualized as a concrete things. The research also find out that, among the classes of containment schema emotion is the most influential class of Hausa containment schemas with regard to its different classification, (human person as a container, body parts as a container, location as a container, activity as a container, and time as a container). In addition, the research establishes the fact that Hausa containment schemas have a rich conceptual structure when used in different contexts.Item ASSESMENT OF THE EFFECT OF INORGANIC FERTILIZER ON PEPPER (Capsicum annum) CULTIVATION ON SOME GROWTH AND YIELD PARAMETERS IN DAURA KATSINA STATE(Bayero University Kano, 2011-03-03) GARBA ISAH; GARBA ISAHAssessment of the effect of inorganic fertilizer on pepper (Capsicum annum) cultivation on some growth and yield parameters was conducted in Daberan area of Daura Katsina State. The research was conducted by designing a questionnaire, analysis of the soil and ten soil samples from twq different sites (farmers and experimental site) were collected by stratified random sampling method and were analyzed for physico-chemical properties (pH, organic matter, total nitrogen, phosphorous, exchangeable bases, exchangeable acid, micronutrients and cation exchange capacity) and soil ecosystem (in respect to bacterial and fungal counts). The cultivation of the pepper levels (0.00kg, 0.05kg, 0.10kg, 0.15kg and 0.20kg) of inorganic fertilizer N.P.K 15:15:15 (golden). The finding of the study shows that, over 60% of the farmers applied two much inorganic fertilizer during their production which affect their production. Significant differences exists between soil properties of all parameters investigate, except pH (CaCI2), potassium, zinc and percent sand values of the farmers site were higher compared to that of the experimental site. The result obtained from the soil ecosystem finding shows that, in the farmers site, the treated beds has low number of bacteria counts and high number of fungal counts were the control bed, while in the experimental site, both bacterial and fungal counts were lower in the control bed compared to the treated beds. The finding of the cultivation shows that, at 0/15kg level of inorganic fertilizer, highest number of leaves, leaf area, shoot height, number and length of branch as well as number of fruits was observed at farmers, site while at experimental site 0.05kg and 0.10kg had the highest. Therefore farmers of Daberan area should maintain 0.15kg level of inorganic fertilizer in order to counteract the problems associated with the cultivation of pepper in their areaItem NIGERIA ARABIC LANGUAGE VILLAGE, NGALA 1990 – 2010 Achievements, Challenges and Future Prospective(Bayero University Kano, 2012-02-12) Ibrahim Yakubu Ibrahim (B A); Ibrahim Yakubu Ibrahim (B A)This research work titled “Nigeria Arabic Language Village-Ngala 1992-2010 Future prospects” discusses a brief history of the institution Achievements, Challenges and the journey so far. The research found that although the take-off of the academic programs have faced several challenges like the risky road to the village, dilapidated structures in the permanent site, lack of portable water, electricity supply … etc the Village was able to start and continue running the training programs and gradually improving its infrastructure and welfare services. By the end of the academic year 2010/11 a total of 21628 students have completed their training in various departments of the Village this indicates that a lot could be achieved in the coming future if the Village continues to explore more avenues in its relation with other universities and tertiary institutions in the country and abroad for the development of Arabic studies also with judicious utilization of the available resources and opportunities the training and productivity could be enhanced in the language training programs. Some of the research findings include: The village has really able to turn itself to an Arabic environment very close to the one our Nigerian students travel abroad for in many respects, this made the students attending the village training to abide and stick to using Arabic language in all their transactions specially among themselves inside the village. The training programs have also changed a lot of trainee’s behavior towards the way they were looking to themselves and to the language as such, and have become more competent in speaking the language. It is now clear that the wrong impressions against the village is drastically fading away due to these improvementsItem شعرمامأيحامدالغزا دراسةأسلوية(Bayero University Kano, 2012-03-01) طارلونمعاذ; طارلونمعاذThis research titled (A Stylistics study of Imam Al-Ghazali’s poetry) aims to determine and discuss the phenomena and stylistic characteristics in poetic discourse of Imam Abu Hamid Al-Ghazali. The researcher used stylistic approach in the study of poetry of Al-Ghazali. To achieve the above aim، the researcher divided the work into five chapters، proceeded by preface and compeleted by conclusion, the chapters were as follows: Chapter I: Introductio, Chapter II Biography of Imam Al-ghazali and his Poetry, Chapter III: The musical structure, and rhythm. Chapter IV: Poetic lexicon: and the semantic axes. Chapter V: Compositional structure, looking compositional characteristics in poetic sentence. Chapter VI: Formation of poetic image. The researcher concluded the research by stating the most important findings of the research. That Significant finding out are: i. the poetry of Al-Ghazali is rich in terms of Music and rhythm, one of the most important stylistic character of his poetry is contradiction and paronomasia styles. ii. The lexicon axis that forms Al-Ghazali poetry is Sufi and Philosophy terminologies, as well as Islamic terms. iii. Al-Ghazali uses different formation deviation in formation poetic sentences، iv. Lastly he uses both classical and modern instruments to form a wonderful poetic image.Item RISK MANAGEMENT AND INTERNAL CONTROL SYSTEM IN THE NIGERIAN BANKING INDUSTRY(Bayero University Kano, 2012-05-05) HALIMA PWANAVI VOKITO; HALIMA PWANAVI VOKITOThe aim of risk management for operators is sound internal control system to check risk associated with running a business. The effort in this dissertation is directed at discussing the risk that bankers face and how such risks are managed as well as those risks associated with consolidation. Banking crises in Nigeria have shown that not only do banks often take excessive risks but the risks differ across banks. Some banks engage in more risks than their capital could bear, while others are conscious of risk-taking thereby adopting measures to manage it. Therefore, this research examined, among other things the usefulness of sound internal control system in managing risk associated with bank business. The researcher used the likert scale questionnaire to collect relevant data. The population of the study consisted of all quoted banks in Nigeria as at December 2012 and a total of Ten (10) banks were sampled using filtration method. Descriptive method of analysis was used to analyze the data with the use of chi-square to test the hypotheses. The study revealed that banks in Nigeria have strategies for managing risk and also have internal control system for managing risk associated with their business. It showed a positive relationship between internal control system and risk management, but strict compliance was a major problem. The researcher recommended for re-enforcement of the control system mechanism, develop and review of risk management strategies in their banks, because risk in business cannot be avoided but can be managedItem PHYSICO-CHEMICAL, SENSORY AND MICROBIOLOGICAL QUALITES OF SOME PROCESSED YOGHURT SOLD IN KANO METROPOLIS, NIGERIA(Bayero University Kano, 2012-09-09) EMMANUEL MICHAEL OMOLA; EMMANUEL MICHAEL OMOLAThis study was conducted to evaluate the physicochemical, Sensory and microbiological qualities of some processed yoghurt products sold in Kano Metropolis. The physicochemical characteristics (viscosity, specific gravity, pH, titratable acidity, fat content) and Sensory properties (color, flavor, smell) were determined using the method of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists. The microbiological evaluations were based on the Mesophilic aerobic bacteria, coliform count, Escherichia coli, yeast and mould count, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella using the method of Food and Agricultural Organization and the result presented. The viscosity ranged from 8.9 to 65.2cp, specific gravity (1.042 – 1.063), pH (1.4 – 5.35), titratable acidity (0.38 – 1.22)%, fat content (1.5 – 2.5) and the Mesophilic bacteria count ranged from 1.9 x 102 – 2.2 x 105 cfu/ml, coliform count 5 – 980 MPN/ml, yeast and mould count 8.6 x 101 – 2.5x104 cfu/ml. Two of the pathogenic strains, S. aureus and Salmonella were not isolated in any of the yoghurt samples analysed. The results of chemical analysis showed no significant differences (p> 0.05) with International standards. However, YB5 was more significantly better quality than the rest in terms of this color (7), this flavor (9) and had a significantly higher overall acceptability (p<0.05). In terms of counts, a significant difference (p<0.05) in bacterial count was observed between the samples with YB4 and YB7 having the highest score. There was significant difference (p<0.05) in coliform count between the samples with YB4 having the highest count, also a significant difference (p<0.05) in yeast and mould count was observed between the samples with YB6 having the highest count. The study revealed that the microbiological counts were a little bit higher than the recommended standards in some samples although not to the level that can compromise the health of the consumer.Item EFFECTS OF telfairia occidentalis, spinacia oleracea and brassica oleracea ON NEVIRAPINE INDUCED LIVER DAMAGE IN RATS(Bayero University Kano, 2012-12-12) MARYAM UMAR MAIGARI; MARYAM UMAR MAIGARIThe effect of aqueous leaf extracts of Telfairia occidentalis, Brassica oleracea and Spinacia oleracea on Nevirapine (an anti-retroviral drug) induced liver damage was studied in Wister albino rats. Fifty four (54) rats were randomly distributed into 18 groups of 3 rats each. Group 1 served as the normal control and was administered with distilled water only, while group 2 served as test control. Groups 2 to 10 were administered with Nevirapine 6mg/kg for six weeks to induce liver damage after which groups 3 to 10 were administered with 100, 200mg/kg and combination of the aqueous vegetable extracts respectively for seven days. Groups 11 to18 were co-administered with Nevirapine and the same doses of the aqueous vegetable extracts for six weeks. Administration of the drug and the aqueous vegetable extracts was done orally. At the end of the treatments, serum activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase as well as malondialdehyde, total and direct bilirubin concentrations were determined. The result showed that the group administered Nevirapine alone (test control) has significant increases (P ˂ 0.05) in the above biochemical parameters compared with normal control. This indicates that Nevirapine administration for 6weeks has induced hepatotoxic effect. Administration of aqueous vegetable extracts to groups 3 to 10 resulted in significant decreases in the liver enzyme activities and bilirubin concentrations when compared with the test control group. The co-administration result also showed significant decreases (P ˂ 0.05) in the above biochemical parameters. The results of this study suggest that the aqueous vegetable extracts can provide both curative and protective effects against Nevirapine hepatotoxicityItem EVALUATION OF FISH BIODIVERSITY AND YIELD POTENTIALS OF CHALLAWA LAKE, KANO STATE NIGERIA,(Bayero University Kano, 2012-12-12) NAZEEF SULEIMAN; NAZEEF SULEIMANFish species compositions of the three sites of Challawa dam were studied over a six months period (March to August, 2017) and revealed ten (10) species belonging to nine (9) families with mormyrids being the dominant species. The condition of fish species identified showed a 50-50 ratio of below and average condition of fish. Reservoir morpho-metrics and ionic input of dam were applied to estimate the potential fish yield using morpho-edaphic index (MEI).The potential fish yield estimates of the three sites are 88.05, 98.56 and 111.12 Kg/ha. The anglers were 53.3, 65.7 and 57.05 Kg respectfully, which implied that the relative yield indices were 44.5%, 49.9% and 38.5%. The results of this study showed that, the reservoir‟s exploitation level was moderate (RYI≤1). Good ionic content, good dissolved oxygen levels, good pH, low-levels of pollution, accounted for the high estimates of the fish yield. Therefore effective management system, implementation of good fishing regulations and practices is being implemented and should be sustained.Item CULTURE, ISLAM AND THE REPRESENTATION OF WOMEN IN NORTHERN NIGERIA: A COMPARATIVE CRITIQUE OF ALIYU KAMAL`S A POSSIBLE WORLD AND IBRAHIM TAHIR`S THE LAST IMAM(Bayero University Kano, 2013-01-05) DANLADI ABDU; DANLADI ABDUThis study is informed by the on-going critical discourse in which a submission is made which says, as argued by Ojaide` et tal, that religion and culture inhibit women’s liberation in Northern Nigeria. In response to this statement, the study explores the impact of Islam on African literature, paying particular attention to women’s experiences in Northern Nigeria, a region dominated by Hausa community and nurtured by Islam as the most prominent religion practiced in the area. It is argued, in the dissertation, that culture not Islam promotes the victimization of women, using novels from Northern Nigeria, in which a comparative critique of the two novels is made. The methods of the interrogations are Islam- based and, to some extent, liberal feminist approaches. The novels chosen for the study are: Tahir’s The Last Imam (1984) and Kamal`s A possible World (2007) both from Northern Nigeria and the choice of them is largely informed by the fact that they are infused with cultural and Islamic elements while simultaneously depict women’s experiences not within the cultural milieu but also Islamic, in particular. The genre of novel is chosen here; for the reason that a novel gives detailed descriptions of events than poetry and drama and this is ascertained in what Killam (1969), argues that “novel brings news of a strange part of the world and values and attitude of a group of people” The Last Imam depicts the sufferings of women in polygamous marriage while A possible World features both married and unmarried women overshadowed by patriarchal domination. The findings reveal that culture not Islam is the forerunner in the subjugations of women. Tahir`s The Last Imam is more optimistic towards women’s liberation than Kamal`s A possible World. Yet, the two novelists are critical of the depiction of patriarchal society in Northern Nigeria, showing their reactions in an observed but subtle manner.Item ALIEN ENCOUNTERS IN WOMEN’S TRAVEL WRITING: A FEMINIST STUDY OF LESLEY KITCHEN LABABIDI’S PADDLE YOUR OWN CANOE AND HILDA OGBE’S THE CRUMBS OFF THE WIFE’S TABLE(Bayero University Kano, 2013-05-08) IMAN MANNIR (MRS); IMAN MANNIR (MRS)For centuries, travel writing had been dominated by male writers who mapped alien places and exotic people; and depicted women as inferior. Against these male travel accounts, recent female travel accounts reject the traditional mapping of women as inferior by presenting in their writings how a woman can travel, encounter, and contribute to, the society. They also paint (like the man) their own subjective alien encounters. It is against this backdrop that this dissertation examines the perspectives of two female travel writers on and about their alien encounters: Lesley Kitchen Lababidi’s Paddle Your Own Canoe: An American Woman’s Passage into Nigeria and Hilda Ogbe’s Crumbs Off the Wife’s Table Both writers present their alien encounters in a mixed marriage cutting across racial, cultural, religious and linguistic frontiers. The study employs feminist literary theory in the analysis and discussion of the two texts. Also, the similarities and differences between the two female writers in the presentation of their ideologies, identities, cultures; as well as how they perceive, respond to, or appreciate, understand and participate in the alien world are examined in this study. The study also identifies, through a comparative study of the two texts, new females that can participate and be self-actualizing, against the deeply ingrained socially constructed ideologies consistent with the often oppressive and perverse dictates of patriarchal cultures. The research study is strictly desk-work and qualitative in approach.Item ALIEN ENCOUNTERS IN WOMEN’S TRAVEL WRITING: A FEMINIST STUDY OF LESLEY KITCHEN LABABIDI’S PADDLE YOUR OWN CANOE AND HILDA OGBE’S THE CRUMBS OFF THE WIFE’S TABLE(Bayero University Kano, 2013-05-08) IMAN MANNIR (MRS); IMAN MANNIR (MRS)For centuries, travel writing had been dominated by male writers who mapped alien places and exotic people; and depicted women as inferior. Against these male travel accounts, recent female travel accounts reject the traditional mapping of women as inferior by presenting in their writings how a woman can travel, encounter, and contribute to, the society. They also paint (like the man) their own subjective alien encounters. It is against this backdrop that this dissertation examines the perspectives of two female travel writers on and about their alien encounters: Lesley Kitchen Lababidi’s Paddle Your Own Canoe: An American Woman’s Passage into Nigeria and Hilda Ogbe’s Crumbs Off the Wife’s Table Both writers present their alien encounters in a mixed marriage cutting across racial, cultural, religious and linguistic frontiers. The study employs feminist literary theory in the analysis and discussion of the two texts. Also, the similarities and differences between the two female writers in the presentation of their ideologies, identities, cultures; as well as how they perceive, respond to, or appreciate, understand and participate in the alien world are examined in this study. The study also identifies, through a comparative study of the two texts, new females that can participate and be self-actualizing, against the deeply ingrained socially constructed ideologies consistent with the often oppressive and perverse dictates of patriarchal cultures. The research study is strictly desk-work and qualitative in approach.Item AN EVALUATION OF 440 PUBLIC HOUSING ESTATE IN DAMATURU YOBE STATE(Bayero University Kano, 2013-06-06) ABUBAKAR MAMMADI; ABUBAKAR MAMMADIHousing represents one of the most basic human needs. Provision of houses through the creation of mortgages is taken for granted in developed countries; however, it remains a major challenge in developing countries, especially Nigeria to house the low and middle income earners. Yobe State Housing and Property Development Corporation used mortgage housing loan and developed ‘Affordable Housing Scheme’ to address the problems that result from the shortage of housing available for low and middle income households in the state capital (Damaturu). The aim of this research therefore is to ascertain the implementation success or failure of allocating the houses to the low and middle income earners. The objectives were to examine the project design and funding, to examine the land acquisition and construction of the project, to examine the allocation policy, price, payment period and method of payment of the houses and finally assess the adequacy or other-wise of the infrastructures and basic services which are deem necessary for an estate project. In order to achieve the stated objectives, primary and secondary data were administered to Yobe State Housing and Property Development Corporation (the project developer) and Yobe State Ministry of Land and Survey and obtained information on the stated objectives. Also two hundred and twenty beneficiaries of the scheme were selected on availability sampling. The instrument used was a self-constructed questionnaire on the stated objectives. The data collected were analyzed using simple descriptive statistics; tables, graphs and bar charts. The result revealed that: 85% of the beneficiaries of the housing scheme are low and middle income earners. The findings also revealed that: 50% of the cost price has been discounted to the beneficiaries by the Yobe State Government and there was failure in the provision of roads/drainages, clinic, police out-post and school in the estate. Finally, recommendations were suggested in the areas of deficiency for successful estate projects in the future.Item AN ASSESSMENT OF AGROFORESTRY PRACTICES IN GWARZO LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, KANO STATE, NIGERIA.(Bayero University Kano, 2013-06-06) AISHA TUKUR BELLO.; AISHA TUKUR BELLO.Availability of trees in farmlands is very important especially in semi arid areas. It provides different products such as fodder, food, fruits, fuel to mention a few. This study attempts to assess the Agroforestry practices in the area, by determining the type of agro forestry practise in the area, identifying the availability of nitrogen fixing tree species on farmlands in the area, determine the factors that are hindering agroforestry practices, assess the level of knowledge of agroforestry among the farmers and to determine the contribution of agroforestry to the livelihood of the inhabitants of the area. Reconnaissance survey and detailed field work were employed, which includes the use of ranging poles and measuring tape in other to get the sizes of the farmlands. Simple random sampling was used to selected 50 farmlands from the list of agroforestry farmers in the study area which was provided by the Kano State Afforestation Project unit (KNAP). Tree species in the selected farmlands were physically identified and also nitrogen fixing trees species were physically identified through an inventory. A checklist was prepared and administered; also an interview was carried out with some farmers. The results indicated that there are many types of agro forestry practices in the area such as Farmed Parkland, multipurpose trees on cropland, Shelterbelts, Nurseries, Live Hedges and Home gardening involving animals. Also there is the availability of three (3) nitrogen fixing species in the area which are Faidherbia albida, Acacia nilotica and Parkia biglobosa. The problems of agro forestry practices in the study area are shortage supply of water after the rainy season, poverty, poor seeds, low knowledge of the practice and shortage in seed supply. The study also reveals that farmers in the area have a fair knowledge of the practice and its importance in soil conservation and improving the standard of living. Government projects on agroforestry sites in the study area were visited also. Recommendations were also made on how to improve agroforestry practices in the area.Item N EVALUATION OF 440 PUBLIC HOUSING ESTATE IN DAMATURU YOBE STATE(Bayero University Kano, 2013-06-06) ABUBAKAR MAMMADI; ABUBAKAR MAMMADIHousing represents one of the most basic human needs. Provision of houses through the creation of mortgages is taken for granted in developed countries; however, it remains a major challenge in developing countries, especially Nigeria to house the low and middle income earners. Yobe State Housing and Property Development Corporation used mortgage housing loan and developed ‘Affordable Housing Scheme’ to address the problems that result from the shortage of housing available for low and middle income households in the state capital (Damaturu). The aim of this research therefore is to ascertain the implementation success or failure of allocating the houses to the low and middle income earners. The objectives were to examine the project design and funding, to examine the land acquisition and construction of the project, to examine the allocation policy, price, payment period and method of payment of the houses and finally assess the adequacy or other-wise of the infrastructures and basic services which are deem necessary for an estate project. In order to achieve the stated objectives, primary and secondary data were administered to Yobe State Housing and Property Development Corporation (the project developer) and Yobe State Ministry of Land and Survey and obtained information on the stated objectives. Also two hundred and twenty beneficiaries of the scheme were selected on availability sampling. The instrument used was a self-constructed questionnaire on the stated objectives. The data collected were analyzed using simple descriptive statistics; tables, graphs and bar charts. The result revealed that: 85% of the beneficiaries of the housing scheme are low and middle income earners. The findings also revealed that: 50% of the cost price has been discounted to the beneficiaries by the Yobe State Government and there was failure in the provision of roads/drainages, clinic, police out-post and school in the estate. Finally, recommendations were suggested in the areas of deficiency for successful estate projects in the future.Item SOCIO LINGUISTIC ANALYSIS OF THE DOCTOR-PATIENT INTERACTIONS: A CASE STUDY OF ABUBAKAR TAFAWA BALEWA UNIVERSITY TEACHING HOSPITAL (ATBUTH), BAUCHI(Bayero University Kano, 2013-06-06) BELLO ABDULLAHI; BELLO ABDULLAHIThere is a general outcry as regards the quality of medical care in most of the Nigerian Hospitals. This study focuses on the communicative relationship of the doctor and the patient which is set to identify and assess the problems that occur during interaction between doctors and patients at ATBUTH, Bauchi and also to examine and analyze the linguistic factors that influence or affect their communication. Lack of awareness and low level of educational background from the patients is another problem because most of the patients have communication problem with the doctors (most especially the non native doctors). Language variation is another problem that contributed in communication breakdown between doctors and patients at Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University Teaching hospital Bauchi. The study is meant to investigate and analyze the sociolinguistic problems in the Doctor – patient interactions; therefore, it gives insight into the Doctor-patient communication relationship and reveals the importance of good communication in conveying meaning in the spoken language. This study is therefore considered important because as a result of poor interaction between the doctors and patients leads to some scenarios where patients lost their lives and sometimes doctor lose his/her job. Finally, the study also suggests some possible ways that help both doctors and patients deal with their communication problem between them.Item SOCIO-ECONOMIC FACTORS AFFECTING THE ACCEPTANCE OF MULTI-LEVEL MARKETING (MLM) IN KANO METROPOLIS(Bayero University Kano, 2013-09-09) AMINA MUHAMMAD LIMAN; AMINA MUHAMMAD LIMANMultilevel Marketing (MLM) is a model of marketing under the umbrella of direct selling that is growing rapidly. It is a marketing model that leverages on the activities of others. It is also a business model that has not being fully tapped in Nigeria due to lack of understanding thereby leading to unacceptability. This study looked at the socio-economic factors affecting the acceptance of MLM in Kano metropolis. Two hundred and fifty one (251) copies of structured questionnaire were administered and all of them were found to be worthy of analyses. The study analyzed the data using Chi square statistical tool and t-test was used to test the hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. The findings of the study indicate that two of the five (5) Null Hypotheses formulated were rejected (income and awareness).Therefore, income and awareness are important factors that determine the acceptance of MLM in Kano metropolis. The study concludes that age, marital status, and gender are not significant when deciding to accept MLM. It is therefore recommended that both the companies and distributors should consider the level of income of the populace; all the operating MLM companies should put their hands on deck and harness the available resources to create awareness for the business and lastly Government should pay more attention to MLM business in Nigeria as a whole because it is an industry that can generate good revenue.